{"title":"中早期阿舍利人对北高加索高地的占领","authors":"E. V. Belyaeva","doi":"10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.3.017-024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In the northern part of the Transcaucasian Highland (Lori Depression, Armenia), three stratifi ed sites dating to the Early-Middle Acheulean—Karakhach, Kurtan I, and Muradovo—have long been subject to archaeological studies. On the basis of absolute dates and paleomagnetic records relating to the fi rst two sites, their age falls in the interval between the mid-Early and initial Middle Pleistocene. All three sites yielded a uniform industry with a peculiar toolset (various choppers, picks including chisel-ended ones, handaxes, large scrapers, macro-chisels, and macro-knives), manufactured mostly on natural tabular fragments of local volcanic rocks. Certain indicators of this industry, such as subrectangular and fan-shaped choppers, slab-like chisels, etc., are described. Information on 28 other localities with Acheulean artifacts, including 11 stratifi ed ones, recently discovered in various parts of the Lori Depression and in adjacent areas of the Shirak Depression and the Debed River valley, is provided. It is demonstrated that the lithics from all these sites belong to the Karakhach tradition. Data are cited suggesting that three sites (Yagdan, Agvi-canyon, and Agvorik) are over 2 mln years old, and two more (Kurtan II and Dzhradzor) are at least 1.5 mln years old. It is concluded that people associated with the Karakhach Acheulean tradition had appeared in the northern Transcaucasian Highland ~2.0 Ma BP, then settled widely in this area, and remained there for several hundred thousand years. In my view, this may be explained by the very favorable environmental conditions of the region during the Early Pleistocene, and by the abundance of large rock fragments suitable for tool manufacture.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Early-Middle Acheulean Occupation of the Northern Transcaucasian Highland\",\"authors\":\"E. V. Belyaeva\",\"doi\":\"10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.3.017-024\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"In the northern part of the Transcaucasian Highland (Lori Depression, Armenia), three stratifi ed sites dating to the Early-Middle Acheulean—Karakhach, Kurtan I, and Muradovo—have long been subject to archaeological studies. On the basis of absolute dates and paleomagnetic records relating to the fi rst two sites, their age falls in the interval between the mid-Early and initial Middle Pleistocene. All three sites yielded a uniform industry with a peculiar toolset (various choppers, picks including chisel-ended ones, handaxes, large scrapers, macro-chisels, and macro-knives), manufactured mostly on natural tabular fragments of local volcanic rocks. Certain indicators of this industry, such as subrectangular and fan-shaped choppers, slab-like chisels, etc., are described. Information on 28 other localities with Acheulean artifacts, including 11 stratifi ed ones, recently discovered in various parts of the Lori Depression and in adjacent areas of the Shirak Depression and the Debed River valley, is provided. It is demonstrated that the lithics from all these sites belong to the Karakhach tradition. Data are cited suggesting that three sites (Yagdan, Agvi-canyon, and Agvorik) are over 2 mln years old, and two more (Kurtan II and Dzhradzor) are at least 1.5 mln years old. It is concluded that people associated with the Karakhach Acheulean tradition had appeared in the northern Transcaucasian Highland ~2.0 Ma BP, then settled widely in this area, and remained there for several hundred thousand years. In my view, this may be explained by the very favorable environmental conditions of the region during the Early Pleistocene, and by the abundance of large rock fragments suitable for tool manufacture.\",\"PeriodicalId\":45750,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.3.017-024\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ANTHROPOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.3.017-024","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
在外高加索高地的北部(亚美尼亚的洛里洼地),有三个可追溯到阿舍利早期中期的分层遗址——卡拉哈赫、库尔坦一世和穆拉多沃——长期以来一直是考古研究的对象。根据前两个遗址的绝对年代和古地磁记录,它们的年代介于中早至中更新世初期之间。这三个地点都形成了统一的工业,使用独特的工具集(各种刀具,镐,包括凿子头的,手斧,大刮刀,大凿子和大刀),主要是在当地火山岩的天然板状碎片上制造的。描述了该行业的某些指标,如亚矩形和扇形切割机,板状凿子等。提供了关于阿舍利文物的其他28个地点的信息,包括最近在洛里洼地的不同地区以及Shirak洼地和Debed河谷的邻近地区发现的11个分层的信息。结果表明,所有这些遗址的石器都属于卡拉巴赫传统。引用的数据表明,三个地点(Yagdan, Agvi-canyon和Agvorik)的历史超过200万年,另外两个地点(Kurtan II和Dzhradzor)至少有150万年的历史。与Karakhach Acheulean传统有关的人在距今2.0 Ma BP的外高加索高地北部出现,并在该地区广泛定居,并在该地区生活了数十万年。在我看来,这可能是由于该地区在早更新世时期非常有利的环境条件,以及适合制造工具的大块岩石碎片的丰富。
Early-Middle Acheulean Occupation of the Northern Transcaucasian Highland
In the northern part of the Transcaucasian Highland (Lori Depression, Armenia), three stratifi ed sites dating to the Early-Middle Acheulean—Karakhach, Kurtan I, and Muradovo—have long been subject to archaeological studies. On the basis of absolute dates and paleomagnetic records relating to the fi rst two sites, their age falls in the interval between the mid-Early and initial Middle Pleistocene. All three sites yielded a uniform industry with a peculiar toolset (various choppers, picks including chisel-ended ones, handaxes, large scrapers, macro-chisels, and macro-knives), manufactured mostly on natural tabular fragments of local volcanic rocks. Certain indicators of this industry, such as subrectangular and fan-shaped choppers, slab-like chisels, etc., are described. Information on 28 other localities with Acheulean artifacts, including 11 stratifi ed ones, recently discovered in various parts of the Lori Depression and in adjacent areas of the Shirak Depression and the Debed River valley, is provided. It is demonstrated that the lithics from all these sites belong to the Karakhach tradition. Data are cited suggesting that three sites (Yagdan, Agvi-canyon, and Agvorik) are over 2 mln years old, and two more (Kurtan II and Dzhradzor) are at least 1.5 mln years old. It is concluded that people associated with the Karakhach Acheulean tradition had appeared in the northern Transcaucasian Highland ~2.0 Ma BP, then settled widely in this area, and remained there for several hundred thousand years. In my view, this may be explained by the very favorable environmental conditions of the region during the Early Pleistocene, and by the abundance of large rock fragments suitable for tool manufacture.
期刊介绍:
This international journal analyzes and presents research relating to the archaeology, ethnology and anthropology of Eurasia and contiguous regions including the Pacific Rim and the Americas. The journal publishes papers and develops discussions on a wide range of research topics including: Quaternary geology; pleistocene and Holocene paleoecology ; methodology of archaeological, anthropological and ethnographical research, including field and laboratory study techniques; early human migrations; physical anthropology; paleopopulation genetics; prehistoric art; indigenous cultures and ethnocultural processes.