Removal of atmospheric methane by soil ecosystems and its controlling variables from microbial to global scales

Methane (CH₄), a potent greenhouse gas, plays a pivotal role in the dynamics of climate change. While CH₄ emissions have been widely investigated, biological removal of CH₄ by upland soils has been less explored. Understanding the mechanisms and factors affecting CH₄ oxidation in soils is of paramount importance for devising successful mitigation strategies. This perspective paper discusses different types of aerobic methanotrophs and their activities under varying environmental conditions, highlighting the significant contribution of soil ecosystems to global CH₄ sinks. We emphasize the need for in-depth research on variables controlling CH₄ sinks on different spatiotemporal scales and the exploration of previously unidentified CH₄ sinks, such as deserts and areas of glacier retreat.