两次隐形,两次秘密。西班牙民主转型时期的足球与女同性恋(1970-1982)

IF 0.4 4区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Sport History Review Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI:10.1123/shr.2023-0035
Dolors Ribalta Alcalde, Xavier Pujadas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文的主要目的是分析20世纪70年代西班牙女足与女同性恋之间的关系,以及在这一时期女足的不可见性以及直到1982年政治转型的背景下,这一女性群体的不可见性特征。在弗朗哥主义晚期的压迫背景下,考虑到1978年之前明确迫害同性恋的法律的有效性,社会、文化、法律和政治压力对20世纪70年代参加西班牙早期足球实践的女同性恋者产生了非常重要的影响。这些球员中的一些人通过体育俱乐部建立了同性恋社交网络,后来在酒吧和私人庆祝活动中开始秘密会面。1970年至1982年这段时间恰逢西班牙女子足球的复兴和这项运动在国际上的兴起。这项研究是基于深度访谈作为一种方法和历史编纂技术,使我们能够获得西班牙不同城市的9名女同性恋或异性恋女足球运动员的生活故事(她们通常以私人性别身份生活和生活)和两名与女队有关的教练。这些来源已被扩展并与其他纪录片性质(专业新闻和参考书目)进行对比,以重建所研究的背景,并对比所收集信息的可靠性。综上所述,可以确定的是,尽管女足和同性恋的知名度较低,当时的法律压力,以及公共当局和独裁机构的反对,但足球领域使这些妇女在建立自己的身份和基于性取向的歧视的过程中克服了一些困难。反过来,支持网络——尤其是来自队友的支持——私人聚会和气氛酒吧,对年轻女同性恋运动员的生活经历至关重要,当时正值佛朗哥独裁统治结束,西班牙年轻的民主政权刚建立的头几年。
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Twice Invisible, Twice Clandestine. Football and Lesbianism in Spain During the Years of Democratic Transition (1970–1982)
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between women’s football and lesbianism during the 1970s in Spain as well as the invisibility characteristics of this group of women in the context of the invisibility of women’s football in this period and in the context of the political transition until 1982. In the repressive context of late Francoism and given the validity until 1978 of laws that expressly persecuted homosexuality, social, cultural, legal, and political pressure had a very important impact on lesbian women who participated in the incipient practice of football in Spain in the 1970s. Some of these players built gay social networks through sports clubs and later started clandestine meetings in bars and private celebrations. The period studied—between 1970 and 1982—coincided with the rebirth of women’s football in Spain and the international emergence of this sport. The research has been based on the use of in-depth interview as a method and historiographical technique that has allowed us to obtain the life stories of nine lesbian or heterosexual women football players in different Spanish cities (who in general have lived and live in a private sexual identity) and two coaches linked to women’s teams. These sources have been expanded and contrasted from others of a documentary nature (specialized press and bibliography) to reconstruct the context studied and contrast the reliability of the information collected. In conclusion, it has been established that, despite the low visibility of women’s football and homosexuality, the legal pressure of the period and the opposition of the public authorities and institutions of the dictatorship, the field of football allowed these women to overcome some of the difficulties in the process of building their identity and discrimination based on sexual orientation. In turn, support networks—especially of teammates—private parties and atmosphere bars, were fundamental to the life experience of young lesbian athletes in the still repressive context of the end of the Franco dictatorship and the first years of the young democratic regime in Spain.
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0.50
自引率
16.70%
发文量
26
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