Peculiarities of photosynthesis in spelt (Tríticum spélta L.) in the Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine

UDC 633.111.5:631.547 Zaika, N. V., & Karpuk, L. M.* (2023). Peculiarities of photosynthesis in spelt (Tríticum spélta L.) in the Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine. Advanced Agritechnologies, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.47414/na.11.1.2023.285496 [In Ukrainian] Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, 8/1 Soborna square, Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, 09100, Ukraine, *e‑mail: lesya_karpuk@ukr.net Purpose. To identify the influence of the elements of the cultivation technology on the yield structure of spelt. Methods. The research was carried out in the years 2019–2022 at the experimental field of the Scientific Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Kyiv region) located in the zone of unstable soil moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Spelt varieties ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, ‘Europe’, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ were grown with the application of foliar fertilizer potassium humate HK‑17 (400 g/ha) in the earing and milk ripeness stages, and Agriflex Amino growth regulator (200 g/ha) in the earing stage. Results. The best indicators of the 1000-kernel weight were obtained with the foliar application of potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage in combination with Agriflex Amino growth regulator in the earing stage. Under such conditions, the 1000-kernel weight of the variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ was 68.9 g, ‘Yevropa’ 67.5 g, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 79.0 g. In terms of the influence of factors on the formation of the number of grains per ear, the highest indicators were obtained in the case of foliar application of humate potassium in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage. Moreover, for the variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, the combination with the treatment of plants with the Agriflex Amino growth stimulator in the earing stage was unimportant: in both treatments, 1000-kernel weight of 1.07 g was obtained. ‘Yevropa’ variety produced 1.09 g of grains per ear and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 0.85 g. Conclusions. The highest seed weight per plant was in the ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ variety: 1.28–1.29 g was provided in the case of foliar application of potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage. At the same time, with the combination of humates and growth regulator Agriflex Amino in the earing stage, the weight of grains per plant in the ‘Yevropa’ variety was 1.42 g, and in ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 1.36 g, which were the best results of the experiment.