Anna Kluibenschedl, Christopher E. Cornwall, Wendy A. Nelson, Miles Lamare, Daniel W. Pritchard, Christopher D. Hepburn
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Communities from both depths were grown together, photographed to assess growth, and the resulting recruitment was evaluated at the experiment’s conclusion. Low seawater pH reduced growth by c. 11% (highest flow), further decreased by >23% under the lowest flow. This reduction resulted in differential outcomes for the two depths, with skeletal net-dissolution under the combination of low flow and pH 7.65 for 10 m communities. Furthermore, there was a synergistic interaction between the effects of flow and pH, whereby the negative effect of OA strengthened under low flow, with recruitment halved at pH 7.65. This demonstrates that OA impacts can be modulated by the flow environment. Surprisingly, increased flow rates/water velocities reduced negative impacts of low pH, thus further challenging the notion that slow flow habitats offer protection from OA. The observed interactions between water flow and OA on early successional communities and their recruits may hold implications for the future of rocky reef systems dominated by these communities.KEYWORDS: Flow rateFuture oceanNew ZealandTemperate coralline communitiesWater motion ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe thank Brenton A. Twist for his help with culture maintenance and Kim Currie for her continuous support and expertise in seawater carbonate chemistry. Special thanks to the management committee of the East Otago Taiāpure for facilitating the field component of this research.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Supplementary InformationSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2272776Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by the Coastal Acidification, Rate, Impacts and Management (CARIM) research program (M.L), funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, the CARIM Postgraduate Scholarship (to A.K.) and the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) New Zealand under the Biodiversity Research Programme (ZBD2014-07; W.A.N.). 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引用次数: 1
摘要
珊瑚藻在近岸生态系统中发挥着重要作用,但易受海洋酸化的影响。据推测,低流速允许珊瑚表面边界层中局部光合作用驱动的ph值增加,可以缓冲OA的负面影响。为了测试水运动如何影响珊瑚藻对OA的敏感性,珊瑚群落(从2米和10米深度)在两种pH水平(当前:pH 8.03, OA: pH 7.65)下生长220天,在不同的入流速率(400、200和100 ml min-1)下,水流速度为2.7、5.9和7.8 cm s-1。两个深度的群落一起生长,拍照以评估生长情况,并在实验结束时评估最终的招募情况。低海水pH值在最高流量下使生长速率降低了0.11%,在最低流量下进一步降低了0.23%。这种减少导致了两个深度的不同结果,在低流量和pH值7.65的组合下,10米群落的骨架净溶解。此外,流量和pH之间存在协同作用,在低流量下OA的负面作用增强,在pH为7.65时OA的招募减半。这表明OA影响可以被流环境调节。令人惊讶的是,增加的流速/水流速度减少了低pH值的负面影响,从而进一步挑战了慢流量栖息地可以保护OA的概念。观察到的水流与早期演替群落及其新成员之间的相互作用可能对未来以这些群落为主导的岩礁系统具有指导意义。关键词:流速未来海洋新西兰温带珊瑚群落水体运动感谢我们感谢Brenton A. Twist在培养维持方面的帮助和Kim Currie在海水碳酸盐化学方面的持续支持和专业知识。特别感谢东奥塔哥Taiāpure管理委员会为本研究的实地部分提供便利。声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究由新西兰商业、创新和就业部资助的海岸酸化、速率、影响和管理(CARIM)研究项目(M.L)资助。CARIM研究生奖学金(给A.K.)和新西兰第一产业部生物多样性研究计划(ZBD2014-07);W.A.N.)。cec得到了新西兰皇家学会Apārangi (VUW-1701)的卢瑟福发现奖学金的支持。
Interactive effects of ocean acidification and water flow on growth and recruitment of early successional coralline algal communities
ABSTRACTCoralline algae play crucial roles in near-shore ecosystems but are susceptible to ocean acidification (OA). It has been hypothesized that low water velocity, allowing localized photosynthesis-driven pH-increases in the coralline surface boundary layer, could buffer against the negative impacts of OA. To test how water motion affected the sensitivity of coralline algae to OA, coralline communities (from 2 m and 10 m depth) were grown for 220 days at two pH levels (present-day: pH 8.03, OA: pH 7.65) under differing inflow rates (400, 200 and 100 ml min–1) providing water velocities of 2.7, 5.9 and 7.8 cm s–1. Communities from both depths were grown together, photographed to assess growth, and the resulting recruitment was evaluated at the experiment’s conclusion. Low seawater pH reduced growth by c. 11% (highest flow), further decreased by >23% under the lowest flow. This reduction resulted in differential outcomes for the two depths, with skeletal net-dissolution under the combination of low flow and pH 7.65 for 10 m communities. Furthermore, there was a synergistic interaction between the effects of flow and pH, whereby the negative effect of OA strengthened under low flow, with recruitment halved at pH 7.65. This demonstrates that OA impacts can be modulated by the flow environment. Surprisingly, increased flow rates/water velocities reduced negative impacts of low pH, thus further challenging the notion that slow flow habitats offer protection from OA. The observed interactions between water flow and OA on early successional communities and their recruits may hold implications for the future of rocky reef systems dominated by these communities.KEYWORDS: Flow rateFuture oceanNew ZealandTemperate coralline communitiesWater motion ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe thank Brenton A. Twist for his help with culture maintenance and Kim Currie for her continuous support and expertise in seawater carbonate chemistry. Special thanks to the management committee of the East Otago Taiāpure for facilitating the field component of this research.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Supplementary InformationSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2272776Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by the Coastal Acidification, Rate, Impacts and Management (CARIM) research program (M.L), funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, the CARIM Postgraduate Scholarship (to A.K.) and the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) New Zealand under the Biodiversity Research Programme (ZBD2014-07; W.A.N.). C.E.C. was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship from The Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi (VUW-1701).
期刊介绍:
Phycologia is published bimonthly by the International Phycological Society and serves as a publishing medium for information about any aspect of phycology. Membership in the Society is not necessary for publication. Submitted manuscripts cannot be previously published or submitted elsewhere. Copyright ownership of all accepted papers is held by the International Phycological Society.