冲突地区的核安全:危险案例

Q4 Social Sciences International Journal of Nuclear Security Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.7290/ijns372553
Maria Kurando
{"title":"冲突地区的核安全:危险案例","authors":"Maria Kurando","doi":"10.7290/ijns372553","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"As critical components of a state’s energy supply, nuclear power plants (NPPs) can become strategic and tactical targets in military conflicts—or can suffer collateral damage as a result of shelling in the vicinity. Military action jeopardizes the peaceful use of nuclear facilities and hinders their safe and secure operation, increasing the risks of dangerous forces releases. Nuclear security constitutes defense against a vast range of threats, such as theft and illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials, their use by non-state actors, nuclear and radiological terrorism, and attacks on nuclear facilities. However, the case of hostilities around Zaporizhzhia NPP in Ukraine signals the emergence of a new, particularly dangerous threat that nuclear security has not explicitly addressed before—a threat from a state actor. Although this hazard has been considered in the framework of international humanitarian law, particularly in Additional Protocols I and II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the ongoing attacks on Ukrainian nuclear facilities reveal the absence of effective international mechanisms to mitigate critical incidents such as the one currently unfolding in Ukraine. This article explores the shortcomings of existing international mechanisms addressing the protection of civil nuclear installations during wartime and presents paths for their improvement. The article also emphasizes the necessity of developing multilateral and additional bilateral safety and security measures for times of conflict, as well as international standards to ensure the fulfillment of a state’s nuclear security responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nuclear Security in Conflict Zones: The Dangerous Case of Zaporizhzhia\",\"authors\":\"Maria Kurando\",\"doi\":\"10.7290/ijns372553\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"As critical components of a state’s energy supply, nuclear power plants (NPPs) can become strategic and tactical targets in military conflicts—or can suffer collateral damage as a result of shelling in the vicinity. Military action jeopardizes the peaceful use of nuclear facilities and hinders their safe and secure operation, increasing the risks of dangerous forces releases. Nuclear security constitutes defense against a vast range of threats, such as theft and illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials, their use by non-state actors, nuclear and radiological terrorism, and attacks on nuclear facilities. However, the case of hostilities around Zaporizhzhia NPP in Ukraine signals the emergence of a new, particularly dangerous threat that nuclear security has not explicitly addressed before—a threat from a state actor. Although this hazard has been considered in the framework of international humanitarian law, particularly in Additional Protocols I and II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the ongoing attacks on Ukrainian nuclear facilities reveal the absence of effective international mechanisms to mitigate critical incidents such as the one currently unfolding in Ukraine. This article explores the shortcomings of existing international mechanisms addressing the protection of civil nuclear installations during wartime and presents paths for their improvement. The article also emphasizes the necessity of developing multilateral and additional bilateral safety and security measures for times of conflict, as well as international standards to ensure the fulfillment of a state’s nuclear security responsibilities.\",\"PeriodicalId\":36043,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Nuclear Security\",\"volume\":\"31 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Nuclear Security\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns372553\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Social Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns372553","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Social Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

作为国家能源供应的重要组成部分,核电站(NPPs)可能成为军事冲突中的战略和战术目标,也可能因附近的炮击而遭受附带损害。军事行动危及核设施的和平利用并妨碍其安全可靠地运行,增加了危险部队释放的危险。核安全是对各种威胁的防御,例如核材料和其他放射性材料的盗窃和非法贩运、非国家行为体对其的使用、核和放射性恐怖主义以及对核设施的袭击。然而,围绕乌克兰核电站的敌对行动标志着一个新的、特别危险的威胁的出现,这是核安全以前没有明确解决的——一个来自国家行为体的威胁。虽然在国际人道主义法的框架内,特别是在1949年《日内瓦公约》第一和第二附加议定书中审议了这种危险,但对乌克兰核设施的持续攻击表明,缺乏有效的国际机制来减轻诸如目前在乌克兰发生的这种严重事件。本文探讨了战时保护民用核设施的现有国际机制的不足,并提出了改进的途径。该条还强调,有必要为冲突时期制定多边和额外的双边安全和安保措施,并制定国际标准,以确保履行国家的核安全责任。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Nuclear Security in Conflict Zones: The Dangerous Case of Zaporizhzhia
As critical components of a state’s energy supply, nuclear power plants (NPPs) can become strategic and tactical targets in military conflicts—or can suffer collateral damage as a result of shelling in the vicinity. Military action jeopardizes the peaceful use of nuclear facilities and hinders their safe and secure operation, increasing the risks of dangerous forces releases. Nuclear security constitutes defense against a vast range of threats, such as theft and illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials, their use by non-state actors, nuclear and radiological terrorism, and attacks on nuclear facilities. However, the case of hostilities around Zaporizhzhia NPP in Ukraine signals the emergence of a new, particularly dangerous threat that nuclear security has not explicitly addressed before—a threat from a state actor. Although this hazard has been considered in the framework of international humanitarian law, particularly in Additional Protocols I and II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the ongoing attacks on Ukrainian nuclear facilities reveal the absence of effective international mechanisms to mitigate critical incidents such as the one currently unfolding in Ukraine. This article explores the shortcomings of existing international mechanisms addressing the protection of civil nuclear installations during wartime and presents paths for their improvement. The article also emphasizes the necessity of developing multilateral and additional bilateral safety and security measures for times of conflict, as well as international standards to ensure the fulfillment of a state’s nuclear security responsibilities.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
International Journal of Nuclear Security
International Journal of Nuclear Security Social Sciences-Safety Research
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊最新文献
Book Review of "The International Atomic Energy Agency: Historical Reflections, Current Challenges and Future Prospects" Book Review of "Nuclear Weapons Free Zones: A Comparative Perspective" The Perils of Non-State Actors in Pakistan: Assessing the Risks of Nuclear Safety and Security Assessing Nuclear Security Risks in Pakistan Remote Laboratory for Nuclear Security Education
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1