航空摄影用于道路修复或重建的特点

K. Mamonov, V. Kovalchuk, V. Troian
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文阐述了道路修复改造设计中工程测量和大地测量中遇到的一些实际问题。对乌克兰目前为开展这类工作而实行的管制要求进行了分析,得出的结论是,目前这些要求没有跟上最新的技术。研究了描述无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)使用的出版物。在无人机上安装了分类导航卫星接收器,用于确定坐标。特别值得注意的是,在航母上安装使用运动学GNSS(全球导航卫星系统)技术的大地测量级导航设备,如RTK(实时运动学)和PPK(后处理运动学)。这些技术使我们能够在拍摄时以厘米级精度确定照片中心的空间坐标,大大简化了数字摄影测量模型的调整,提高了其精度。但最重要的优势是大大减少了实地调查,这使得它们更便宜,总体上更有效率。在研究过程中发现,在接近附近区域有限的情况下,确定图像中心的结果稳定性不足会影响产品的最终质量。对于可达到的最大精度是摄影测量技术可能的极限的情况,建议将航空摄影技术与地面技术相结合,以去除最关键的元素。道路的硬表面测量可以通过地面大地测量方法(测速或GNSS)和现代激光扫描进行。同时,相邻的领土,对于要求不太严格的要素的拍摄,可以通过航空摄影计算出来。在进一步的研究中,有必要确定实现无人机摄影测量最大精度的条件。关键词:航空摄影;摄影测量;大地测量;
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THE FEATURES OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR ROAD REPAIR OR RECONSTRUCTION
This study formulates some of the actual problems that arise during engineering and geodetic survey for designing road repair and reconstruction. An analysis of the regulatory requirements currently in force in Ukraine for carrying out this type of work has been carried out, it has also been concluded that at present they do not keep up with the latest technologies. Studied publications describing the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Classified navigation satellite receivers are installed on UAVs, for the purpose of determining coordinates. Particular attention is paid to the installation on the carrier of geodetic class navigation equipment using kinematic GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technologies, such as RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) and PPK (Post-Processing Kinematic). These technologies allow us to determine the spatial coordinates of the centers of photos at the time of photographing with centimeter accuracy, which greatly simplifies the adjustment of digital photogrammetric models and increases their accuracy. But the most important advantage is a significant reduction in field surveying, which makes them less expensive and more efficient overall. In the course of the study, it was found that in conditions of limited access to nearby territories, insufficient stability of the results of determining the centers of images can affect the final quality of products. For cases where the maximum achievable accuracy is at the limit of the possibility of photogrammetric technology, the removal of the most critical elements is proposed to be combined by combining aerial photography technologies with ground technologies. The road’s hard surface surveying can be performed by ground geodetic methods (tacheometric or GNSS), and by modern laser scanning. At the same time, the adjacent territory, regarding the shooting of elements of which less stringent requirements are established, can be worked out by aerial photography. In further studies, it is necessary to determine the conditions for achieving the maximum accuracy of UAV photogrammetry. Keywords: aerial photography, photogrammetry, geodetic survey, reconstruction of highways.
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