混合动力和电动汽车的火灾危险

M. Kravtsov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在接下来的一段时间里,我们收到了世界上许多国家关于电动汽车和混合动力汽车发生火灾和爆炸事故的信息。这类新闻之所以受欢迎,是因为内燃机汽车的事故和火灾早已司空见惯,而不引起公众的注意。然而,许多大量的科学研究表明,锂离子电池电动和混合动力汽车模型的危险被大大夸大了,即牵引电池(电池)的损坏会引起自毁式连锁反应,但电解质的危险程度比汽油或柴油燃料小,比混合动力改装中的氢燃料小得多。本文探讨了电动和混合动力汽车的火灾危险的原因及其后果。针对电动混合动力汽车运行过程中锂离子电池密闭空间短路、火灾、爆炸的预防和立即消除提供了科学的原因和创新。电动汽车和混合动力汽车往往会受到牵引电池技术和其他问题的困扰。虽然电池闪光是危险的,比气体闪光更难熄灭,但火灾的原因通常是不同的,这些结果都是在电池组的缺陷中发现的:“阳极破裂”和“复杂的分离器”。今年因火灾而被召回的电动汽车最多的是现代科纳(Kona)和雪佛兰博尔特(Bolt) EV,共15.2万辆,而被召回最多的两款混合动力汽车总计超过3.2万辆。锂离子汽车通常不会立即起火,而是在一段时间后起火。这决定了司机和乘客要立即离开车内。灭火时,高压系统的电流有可能对乘客、目击者和其他在火灾附近的人造成伤害。建议及时逃出被大火和浓烟吞没的汽车内部,拨打紧急服务电话呼叫紧急情况部救援人员。在事故发生的第一个阶段到达城市的消防员的主要任务是使用紧急断开器或机械断开高压电缆,并断开高压牵引电池。尽管电动汽车和混合动力车存在闪光的风险,但它可能受到了不成比例的关注。对于汽车制造商来说,尽可能地消除车辆着火的风险是很重要的,但显然没有任何一种驾驶方式是完全安全的。关键词:混合动力汽车,火灾,爆炸,锂离子电池。
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FIRE HAZARD OF HYBRID AND ELECTRICAND VEHICLES
In the following time, we received information from many countries of the world about accidents related to fires and explosions of motor vehicles with electric and hybrid vehicles. The popularity of such news is caused by the fact that accidents and fires of cars with internal combustion engines have long become commonplace, which do not attract the attention of the general public. However, many numerous and conducted scientific studies say about the danger of electric and hybrid vehicle models with lithium-ion batteries that they are greatly exaggerated, i.e., damage to the traction battery (battery) can cause a self-destructive chain reaction, but the degree the danger of electrolyte is less than that of gasoline or diesel fuel and much less than that of hydrogen fuel in hybrid modifications. The article examines the causes of the fire hazard of electric and hybrid cars and their consequences. Scientific reasons and innovations regarding the prevention and immediate elimination of short circuits, fires and explosions in the closed space of lithium-ion batteries during the operation of electric hybrid cars are provided. Electric vehicles and hybrids tend to suffer from traction battery technical and other issues. Although a battery flash is dangerous and more difficult to extinguish than a gas flash, the cause of the fire is usually different and these results are found in a defect in the battery pack: "ruptured anode" and "complex separator". The Hyundai Kona and Chevrolet Bolt EV had the most electric vehicle recalls related to fires this year, totaling 152,000 vehicles, while the top two hybrid recalls totaled more than 32,000 vehicles. A lithium-ion type of car catches fire usually not immediately, but after some time. This determines the driver and passengers to immediately leave the interior of the vehicle. When extinguishing a fire, there is a risk of damage to passengers, eyewitnesses and others who are near it by the electric current of high-voltage systems. It is recommended to get out of the interior of the car engulfed in fire and smoke in a timely manner and call the rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations by calling the emergency service. The main task of the firefighters who arrived in the city at the first stage of the event was to disconnect the high-voltage cable using an emergency disconnector or mechanically and to disconnect the high-voltage traction battery. Although the risk of flash in EVs and hybrids exists, it may be receiving a disproportionate amount of attention. It is important for car manufacturers to eliminate the risk of ignition in their vehicles as much as possible, but obviously no form of driving is completely safe. Keywords: hybrid and electricand car, fire, explosion, lithium-ion battery.
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