关键基础设施火灾紧急情况中心信号探测方法应用算法

O. Shcherbak, O. Neshpor, O. Derevyanko, S. Yeremenko, R. Shevchenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项工作致力于解决民事保护领域的一项实际科学任务,即开发一种算法,用于探测关键基础设施因火灾而发生紧急情况的焦点迹象的技术。提出了实际应用该方法的建议,作为对预防乌克兰关键基础设施遭受恐怖主义性质火灾而发生紧急情况的过程进行非破坏性控制的方法基础。关键基础设施火灾紧急情况震源信号探测方法的应用算法包括三个程序,即:在关键基础设施进行测量的程序、测量结果的统计处理程序、火灾重建程序。收到的关于火灾重建程序的一般性建议可归纳为以下几点。特别是,我们注意到煤烟的电阻值与一个或另一个区域的燃烧方式有关。如果直接在调查区域上方测量的该值超过10101011欧姆,则表明该区域没有强烈的火焰燃烧,但燃烧以阴燃的形式发生。在空气交换不足的条件下,长期阴燃会导致天花板和墙壁上部形成一层厚厚的油烟,有时还会有明显的液相液滴或水滴状斑点。这可以在小房间和其他不通风的空间中观察到。如果燃烧从这样的场所移动到空气交换更好的更大的空间,并且发生了火焰燃烧,那么形成的电阻模式将主要反映火焰燃烧的发展。火源可能以煤烟燃烧或其电阻值极低的形式出现,反之亦然,在具有高含量萃取物质的相当厚的煤烟层中出现。因此,对电阻测量结果的解释必须伴随着对建筑(房间)的体积规划决策、空气交换条件和火灾负荷分布的具体分析。烟尘研究的结果可以在消防工程专业知识的框架内用于重建燃烧的发生和发展过程,包括建立火灾中心。关键词:紧急情况,关键基础设施对象,技术,震源标志,热损伤
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ALGORITHM FOR APPLICATION OF METHODS FOR DETECTING CENTRAL SIGNS OF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION DUE TO FIRE AT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
The work is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific task in the field of civil protection, namely, the development of an algorithm for the application of the technique of detecting focal signs of an emergency situation due to a fire at critical infrastructure facilities. Recommendations for the practical application of the methodology as the basis of the method of non-destructive control of the processes of preventing emergency situations due to a fire of a terrorist nature at the objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine are given. the algorithm for the application of the method of detecting focal signs of an emergency situation due to a fire at critical infrastructure facilities consists of three procedures, namely: procedures for conducting measurements at a critical infrastructure facility, procedures for statistical processing of measurement results, fire reconstruction procedures. The received general recommendations of the fire reconstruction procedure can be reduced to the following. In particular, we note that the value of the electrical resistance of soot is related to the mode of combustion in one or another zone. If this value, which was measured directly above the investigated area, exceeds 10101011 Ohm, then this indicates that there was no intense flame burning in this area, but the burning took place in the form of smoldering. Long-term smoldering of a fire load in conditions of insufficient air exchange can lead to the formation of a thick layer of greasy soot on the ceiling and in the upper part of the walls, sometimes with clear drops of the liquid phase or drop-like spots. This can be observed in small rooms and other volumes that are not ventilated. If the combustion moves from such premises to a larger space with better air exchange, and a flaming combustion occurs, then the formed electrical resistance pattern will mainly reflect the development of flaming combustion. The source of the fire may appear in the form of soot burning or extremely low values of its electrical resistance, or vice versa, in a rather thick layer of soot with a high content of extractive substances. Thus, the interpretation of the results of the measurement of electrical resistance must be accompanied by an analysis of the specifics of the volume-planning decisions of the building (room), the conditions of air exchange, and the distribution of the fire load. The obtained results of the soot research can be used within the framework of fire engineering expertise to reconstruct the process of the occurrence and development of combustion, including to establish the center of the fire. Keywords: emergency situation, critical infrastructure object, technique, focal signs, thermal damage.
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