Enhancing onion growth and yield through agroecological practices: Organic fertilization and intercropping

The harmonious integration of two agroecological methods, namely intercropping and organic fertilization, illustrates a sustainable approach that not only boosts crop productivity but also minimizes the environmental impact, demonstrating a commitment to both higher yields and responsible environmental stewardship. This research aims to explore the effects of organic fertilization on onions intercropped with pepper, fennel, and carrots within an agroecological context. The study was conducted over two seasons using a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments. Notably, organic fertilization yielded results similar to mineral fertilization (NPK). Among intercropping combinations, onion-carrot displayed the highest yield and growth characteristics. Onion-pepper intercropping didn't significantly impact onion growth, while onion-fennel intercropping negatively affected agronomic parameters. Carrot intercropping led to increased plant height, with inorganic fertilization demonstrating stronger effects than organic fertilization. NPK fertilizer notably enhanced stem diameter, particularly in onion-carrot intercropping. Intercropping, especially with NPK, positively influenced the number of leaves per plant. NPK fertilizer excelled in enhancing plant fresh weight, with onion-pepper and onion-carrot intercropping enhancing second-season yields. NPK fertilizer also stood out in plant dry weight, and onion-carrot intercropping excelled in bulb weight. Yield was significantly impacted by intercropping and fertilization, with NPK significantly enhancing yield and onion-carrot intercropping demonstrating promising results. Principal component analysis revealed that onion-carrot intercropping with organic fertilizer nearly matched chemical NPK yield levels. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing onion cultivation and recommends adopting onion-carrot intercropping in the Fes-Meknes region. Overall, this research advances understanding of the intricate interplay between organic fertilization and intercropping, offering strategies for improved yield and sustainability in agroecological systems.