初级保健卫生人员职业倦怠综合征及其相关因素的评估

Lázaro Pablo Linares Cánovas, Liyansis Bárbara Linares Cánovas, Yoelys Pereda Rodríguez, Beatriz Gallardo Hernández, Martha María Pérez Martín, Adalina Linares Montano
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摘要

目的:了解基层卫生保健人员的职业倦怠症状及其相关因素。方法:观察性、分析性、横断面研究,于2023年1月在Pinar del Río进行,为方便起见,采用非概率抽样,127名符合纳入标准的参与者。应用诸如Maslach倦怠量表问卷等工具,可以获得对研究变量进行输出的信息,应用描述性和推断性统计方法。医德得到尊重。结果:女工占66.9%,中位年龄为31岁。住院医生占多数(45.7%),在该行业工作的中位数为8年。73.2%表现为超负荷,其中情绪耗竭维度受影响最大。倦怠综合征的存在与每天睡眠8小时有关(p=0.016),与对经济收入的满意度有关(p= 0.001)。情绪耗竭维度的影响与性别、宗教信仰、每天睡眠8小时有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。人格解体与宗教信仰(p=0.001)、每天睡眠8小时(p=0.016)、吸烟(p=0.001)和对经济收入的满意度(p=0.011)有关;而职业成就与每天睡眠8小时(p= 0.001)、适当的饮食习惯(p=0.038)和对经济收入的满意度(p=0.016)有关。结论:对基层卫生保健人员的职业倦怠综合征进行了评估,确定了样本的人口统计学特征、生活方式和工作变量,以及它们与职业倦怠的关系。
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Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome and associated factors in primary care health personnel
Objective: to evaluate Burnout syndrome and associated factors in health personnel of Primary Care. Methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, carried out in Pinar del Río during January 2023, in non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, of 127 participants, who met the inclusion criteria. The application of instruments such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, allowed obtaining the information that gave output to the studied variables, applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Medical ethics were respected. Results: 66.9% of the workers were women, with a median of 31 years of age. Resident physicians predominated (45.7%), with a median of 8 years working in the sector. 73.2% showed overload, with the emotional exhaustion dimension being the most affected. The presence of Burnout syndrome was associated with sleeping eight hours a day (p=0.016) and with satisfaction with economic income (p<0.001). The affectation of the emotional exhaustion dimension was statistically associated with sex, religion and sleeping eight hours a day (p<0.05). Depersonalization was associated with religion (p=0.001), sleeping eight hours a day (p=0.016), smoking (p=0.001) and satisfaction with economic income (p=0.011); while professional achievement was related to sleeping eight hours a day (p<0.001), adequate dietary habits (p=0.038) and satisfaction with economic income (p=0.016). Conclusions: Burnout syndrome was evaluated in primary care health personnel, identifying the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and work variables of the sample, and their relationship with professional exhaustion.
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