{"title":"探讨沙特阿拉伯糖尿病视网膜病变模式:性别和糖尿病类型比较","authors":"Samraa Hussain, Naji AlJohani","doi":"10.3390/diabetology4040042","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the prevalence and predictors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Saudi males and females with diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 507 patients with diabetes between May and August 2018. The data extracted from patients’ records included demographic and clinical information and laboratory investigations. The retinopathy data were based on fundus photography graded into five categories: no DR, NPDR, MNPDR, SNPDR, and PDR. Results: The patients’ mean age was 47.3 years, the majority (59.3%) being female and T2DM being the most common type (52.4%). The prevalence of no DR was 51.4%; NPDR, 4.4%; MNPDR, 7.7%; SNPDR, 3.7%; and PDR, 5.1%. The duration of DM, as well as the severity of hypertension and neuropathy values rose significantly as DR progressed, underlining the pivotal role of hyperglycemia as the primary driver of diabetic complications. The odds ratio for the presence of hypertension was 1.8 (95% CI 0.9–3.5); hypertension showed the highest risk of DR. Stratification according to gender showed a significantly higher DR risk in females than males. Interestingly, nephropathy played a significant role in the DR risk in T1DM. Conclusions: Among T1DM and T2DM patients, the severity of DR is associated with risk factors including the DM duration, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and neuropathy. The impact of these factors varies with gender and diabetes type. Therefore, the severity of DR could define patients at a high risk of macro/microvascular complications and enable earlier interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality among T1DM and T2DM patients.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"73 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exploring Diabetic Retinopathy Patterns in Saudi Arabia: Gender and Diabetes Type Comparison\",\"authors\":\"Samraa Hussain, Naji AlJohani\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/diabetology4040042\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Aims: To determine the prevalence and predictors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Saudi males and females with diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 507 patients with diabetes between May and August 2018. The data extracted from patients’ records included demographic and clinical information and laboratory investigations. The retinopathy data were based on fundus photography graded into five categories: no DR, NPDR, MNPDR, SNPDR, and PDR. Results: The patients’ mean age was 47.3 years, the majority (59.3%) being female and T2DM being the most common type (52.4%). The prevalence of no DR was 51.4%; NPDR, 4.4%; MNPDR, 7.7%; SNPDR, 3.7%; and PDR, 5.1%. The duration of DM, as well as the severity of hypertension and neuropathy values rose significantly as DR progressed, underlining the pivotal role of hyperglycemia as the primary driver of diabetic complications. The odds ratio for the presence of hypertension was 1.8 (95% CI 0.9–3.5); hypertension showed the highest risk of DR. Stratification according to gender showed a significantly higher DR risk in females than males. Interestingly, nephropathy played a significant role in the DR risk in T1DM. Conclusions: Among T1DM and T2DM patients, the severity of DR is associated with risk factors including the DM duration, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and neuropathy. The impact of these factors varies with gender and diabetes type. Therefore, the severity of DR could define patients at a high risk of macro/microvascular complications and enable earlier interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality among T1DM and T2DM patients.\",\"PeriodicalId\":72798,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Diabetology\",\"volume\":\"73 4\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-11-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Diabetology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040042\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Diabetology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040042","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:确定沙特男性和女性糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的患病率和预测因素。方法:本横断面研究于2018年5月至8月招募了507例糖尿病患者。从患者记录中提取的数据包括人口统计和临床信息以及实验室调查。视网膜病变数据基于眼底摄影,分为五类:无DR、NPDR、MNPDR、SNPDR和PDR。结果:患者平均年龄47.3岁,以女性居多(59.3%),T2DM最为常见(52.4%)。无DR患病率为51.4%;NPDR, 4.4%;MNPDR, 7.7%;SNPDR, 3.7%;PDR为5.1%。随着DR的进展,DM的持续时间、高血压的严重程度和神经病变值显著增加,强调高血糖作为糖尿病并发症的主要驱动因素的关键作用。存在高血压的优势比为1.8 (95% CI 0.9-3.5);按性别分层显示,女性发生DR的风险明显高于男性。有趣的是,肾病在T1DM患者的DR风险中发挥了重要作用。结论:在T1DM和T2DM患者中,DR的严重程度与糖尿病病程、高血糖、高血压和神经病变等危险因素相关。这些因素的影响因性别和糖尿病类型而异。因此,DR的严重程度可以确定大/微血管并发症的高危患者,并使早期干预能够降低T1DM和T2DM患者的发病率和死亡率。
Exploring Diabetic Retinopathy Patterns in Saudi Arabia: Gender and Diabetes Type Comparison
Aims: To determine the prevalence and predictors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Saudi males and females with diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 507 patients with diabetes between May and August 2018. The data extracted from patients’ records included demographic and clinical information and laboratory investigations. The retinopathy data were based on fundus photography graded into five categories: no DR, NPDR, MNPDR, SNPDR, and PDR. Results: The patients’ mean age was 47.3 years, the majority (59.3%) being female and T2DM being the most common type (52.4%). The prevalence of no DR was 51.4%; NPDR, 4.4%; MNPDR, 7.7%; SNPDR, 3.7%; and PDR, 5.1%. The duration of DM, as well as the severity of hypertension and neuropathy values rose significantly as DR progressed, underlining the pivotal role of hyperglycemia as the primary driver of diabetic complications. The odds ratio for the presence of hypertension was 1.8 (95% CI 0.9–3.5); hypertension showed the highest risk of DR. Stratification according to gender showed a significantly higher DR risk in females than males. Interestingly, nephropathy played a significant role in the DR risk in T1DM. Conclusions: Among T1DM and T2DM patients, the severity of DR is associated with risk factors including the DM duration, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and neuropathy. The impact of these factors varies with gender and diabetes type. Therefore, the severity of DR could define patients at a high risk of macro/microvascular complications and enable earlier interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality among T1DM and T2DM patients.