Significance of Triglyceride-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Children with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Purpose Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study evaluated the significance of markers such as the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and TG-glucose (TyG) indices in a group of patients with NAFLD. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients aged 5–18 years diagnosed with NAFLD between January 2014 and January 2021. Results Among the 151 patients with NAFLD, 79.5% were found to be obese, and the mean TG/HDL-C ratio (3.78±2.54 vs. 3.13±2.24) and TyG index (4.69±0.28 vs. 4.56±0.30) were slightly higher in patients with obesity compared to those without obesity. Patients with severe hepatic steatosis had a significantly higher mean TG/HDL-C ratio (4.11±2.16 vs. 3.11±2.30, p=0.035) than those with mild to moderate steatosis. Severe hepatic steatosis grade was defined as an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the TG/HDL-C ratio of 0.760 (95% confidence interval, 0.544–0.875), with an optimal cutoff value of 3.37. Conclusion A high TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with severe hepatic steatosis and diabetes mellitus in children with NAFLD. Measurement of this ratio can help clinicians in identifying patients and targeting them for treatment and follow-up.