基于玉米梗断裂力学的玉米采摘装置设计与试验研究

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Journal of the ASABE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.13031/ja.15105
Qiankun Fu, Jun Fu, Zhi Chen, Luquan Ren
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究设计了一种玉米穗采摘装置,以减少玉米穗损失和玉米穗头能耗。研究了不同偏转角度下玉米轴的断裂力,为设计提供依据。通过正交试验对工艺参数进行优化。摘要摘穗过程中,玉米梗在纯拉力作用下断裂。断口处的力需求大,籽粒损失严重,瞬时载荷大,玉米收获时功率消耗大。本文研究了不同拉伸取向下玉米梗的断裂行为。结果表明,当玉米穗的断裂方式由拉伸断裂转变为弯曲断裂时,只要将玉米穗偏转到55°的临界角,玉米穗的断裂力可降低80%以上。在此基础上,设计了一种玉米采摘装置,通过将玉米穗偏转到临界角来减小玉米穗柄断裂力。确定了所设计的玉米采摘装置的最优参数为:采摘辊直径为20 mm,秸秆辊转速为700 rpm,玉米采摘单元倾角为28.3°。对所设计的玉米采摘装置与常用的玉米采摘装置进行了对比试验。试验结果表明,所设计的玉米采摘装置能够降低谷物损耗、平均功耗和峰值功率。本研究将为玉米收获机的设计提供理论依据和设计参考,以降低谷物损耗和功耗。关键词:玉米穗采摘,玉米收获,玉米收割机,断裂力,断裂力学,谷物损失,能耗
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Design and Experimental Study on a Corn Picking Device Based on the Fracture Mechanics of Corn Peduncle
Highlights This study designed a corn ear picking device to reduce grain loss and corn header power consumption. The fracture force of corn peduncles under different deflection angles was studied as the basis of the design. The working parameters were optimized through an orthogonal experiment. Abstract. In corn ear picking, the corn peduncles are fractured under pure tensile forces. The large force demands in the fracture brought severe grain loss, an enormous instantaneous load, and high power consumption in the corn harvest. In this paper, the fracture behavior of the corn peduncles under different tensile orientations was studied. It showed the fracture force of corn peduncle could be reduced by more than 80% when its fracture mode transformed from tensile fracture to bending fracture as long as the corn ear was deflected to the critical angle of 55°. Based on this, a corn picking device was designed to reduce peduncle fracture force by deflecting corn ears to the critical angle. The optimal parameters of the designed corn picking device were determined as follows: the diameter of the snapping rollers was 20 mm, the rotating speed of the stalk rolls was 700 rpm, and the inclination angle of the corn picking unit was 28.3°. A comparative test between the designed corn picking device and a commonly used corn picking device was performed. It showed the designed corn picking device could reduce grain loss, average power consumption, and peak power. This study will provide a theoretical basis and design reference for corn harvester design to reduce grain loss and power consumption. Keywords: Corn ear picking, Corn harvest, Corn harvester header, Fracture force, Fracture mechanics, Grain loss, Power consumption.
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