An effective cascade control strategy for frequency regulation of renewable energy based hybrid power system with energy storage system

Frequency deviations occur when load frequency control(LFC) is incompetent to bridge the gap between supply and demand. Thus, this paper presents the effective (1 + TD)-TID cascade regulator to this significant field. The regulator is efficient to execute, and it interfaces the yield of 1 + TD regulator with all the inputs of TID regulator. Here, the power deviation of tie-line and frequency are employed to the TID regulator, which is referred to as the feedback signals. An imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is employed for tuning the controller design variables. The primary aim of this study is to examine the LFC issue and further exploration of 2 area thermal systems coordinated with renewable energy sources (RES) like solar PV, wind, and fuel cell with nonlinearities like governor dead band (DB) unit; reheat based turbine, and the generation rate constraints (GRC). The efficacy the of proposed control strategy are investigated in contrast with those of other common works, which disclose not only its simple structure but also, the ICA enhanced (1 + TD)-TID technique gives the smallest values of the performance index (0.091) compare to TIDF (0.372), PIDF (0.467) and least settling time (24.7 s) in contrast to TID (22.8 s) and PIDF (10s). Hence proposed control strategy shows efficient response with lesser oscillations and fast response. The sturdiness of suggested controller is also corroborated with nonlinearities and parameter variations of ±25% . The examination has been additionally improved by integrating a redox flow battery (RFB) in the proposed framework.