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引用次数: 0
摘要
本文探讨了导致Jalāl al- d n al-Dawānī (d. 1502)区分他所谓的“初级预测”(ḥaml awwali)和“熟悉预测”(ḥaml muta ā āraf或ḥaml shahu ā i ā)的动机。这些动机包括允许对细节的预测，比如“这是Zayd”，以及对明显真实的自我否定的解释，比如“特定的(概念)不是特定的”。文章还探讨了Dawānī的同时代和竞争对手Ṣadr al- d n al- dashtaki (d. 1498)对这种区别的一些批评。尽管存在这些批评，Dawānī的区别还是被萨法维学者mr Dāmād(1631年左右)采纳、调整和强调。反过来，在后来的几个世纪里，伊朗逻辑学家和印度-穆斯林逻辑学家之间的区别受到了突出的影响。
Dawānī (d. 1502) and Dashtakī (d. 1498) on Primary (awwalī) and Familiar (mutaʿāraf) Predication
Abstract The present article explores the motivations that led Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 1502) to draw the distinction between what he called “primary predication” ( ḥaml awwalī ) and “familiar predication” ( ḥaml mutaʿāraf or ḥaml shāʾiʿ ). These motivations include allowing for the predication of particulars, such as “This is Zayd” and accounting for apparently true self-negations, such as “The [concept] particular is not a particular.” The article also explores some criticisms of this distinction by Dawānī’s contemporary and rival Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (d. 1498). Despite these criticisms, Dawānī’s distinction was adopted, adapted, and emphasized by the Safavid scholar Mīr Dāmād (d. 1631). Mīr Dāmād’s influence, in turn, accounts for the prominence given to the distinction in later centuries among Iranian and Indo-Muslim logicians.
期刊介绍：
Oriens is dedicated to extending our knowledge of intellectual history and developments in the rationalist disciplines in Islamic civilization, with a special emphasis on philosophy, theology, and science. These disciplines had a profoundly rich and lasting life in Islamic civilization and often interacted in complex ways--from the period of their introduction to Islamic civilization in the translation movement that began in the eighth century, through the early and classical periods of development, to the post-classical age, when they shaped even such disciplines as legal theory and poetics. The journal''s range extends from the early and classical to the early modern periods (ca. 700-1900 CE) and it engages all regions and languages of Islamic civilization. In the tradition of Hellmut Ritter, who founded Oriens in 1948, the central focus of interest of the journal is on the medieval and early modern periods of the Near and Middle East. Within this framework, the opening up of the sources and the pursuit of philological and historical research based on original source material is the main concern of its editors and contributors. In addition to individual articles, Oriens welcomes proposals for thematic volumes within the series.
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