策展过往:中国城市的博物馆化与旅游

IF 3 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM International Journal of Tourism Cities Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI:10.1108/ijtc-05-2022-0110
Wenhong Luo, Nelson Graburn
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自2000年以来,中国经历了一场与国内旅游热潮并行的“博物馆热潮”;这种增长改变了文化景观;博物馆成为中国一些城市的重要特征,对居民和游客来说都是如此。在这种增长的鼓舞下,更雄心勃勃的“全合一博物馆”被提出。博物馆和生活空间之间的物理边界是无限模糊的,挑战了博物馆作为“异托邦”的概念。本研究旨在探讨人类学和博物馆学背景下的城市空间博物馆化,审视这些发展的文化政治意图和意义,并寻求在相关学科中引发对游客和城市人口重建历史想象的进一步研究。本文考察了中国大都市北京和上海的两个案例,以说明博物馆化的发展,即城市如何积极利用博物馆学的价值和方法与它们的过去联系起来。在北京的案例中,作者探讨了地方政府如何领导城市博物馆化的努力;在上海的案例中,他们将看到游客,尤其是居民游客,如何在城市中梳理过去的故事,并将他们自己的经历、记忆和身份与这个地方联系起来。尽管“过去”的真实性受到城市现代化发展的挑战,但“一体博物馆”创造了一个投射到更大城市空间的博物馆层。作者还发现,对于一些游客(尤其是居民游客)来说,存在感的真实性起着更重要的作用,因为他们不仅寻求游览城市的过去,而且还参与城市的创造。本文探讨了北京和上海国际大都市的两种博物馆化方式:自上而下和自下而上。从人类学和博物馆学的角度探讨城市空间的博物馆化问题,并在中国现代化进程的特定历史背景下探讨博物馆化问题。
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Curating pasts: musealization and tourism in Chinese cities
Purpose China has been going through a “museum boom” paralleling the domestic tourism boom since 2000; such growth changed the cultural landscape; museums became a vital characteristic of some Chinese cities for both residents and tourists. Encouraged by this growth, the more ambitious “All-for-one Museum (全域博物馆)” was proposed. The physical boundary between museums and living spaces is infinite ambiguity, challenging the idea of museums as “heterotopias.” This study aims to explore the musealization of urban spaces in the context of anthropology and museology, scrutinizing the cultural-political intentions and meanings of these developments, and seeks to ignite further investigation into the reconstruction of historical imaginaries for tourists and urban populations across related disciplines. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines two cases in Chinese metropolises, Beijing and Shanghai, to illustrate this development of musealization, that is, how the cities actively leverage museological values and methods to connect with their past. In the Beijing case, the authors explore how the local government is leading the effort to musealize the city; in the Shanghai case, they will see how tourists, especially dweller-tourists, navigate through a curated past story in the city and connect their own experience, memory and identity with the place. Findings The all-for-one museum creates a museal layer projected onto the bigger urban space, even though the authenticity of the “past” is challenged by the modernization development of the city. The authors also find out that for some tourists (especially dweller-tourists), an existential sense of authenticity plays a more significant role as they not only seek to sightsee the past of the city but also to take part in its creation. Originality/value This paper discusses two kinds of musealization in cosmopolitan cities of Beijing and Shanghai: top-down and bottom-up. It approaches questions about the musealization of urban spaces from the perspectives of anthropology and museology, and discusses musealization in the specific historical context of China’s modernization process.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Tourism Cities
International Journal of Tourism Cities HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM-
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
11.50%
发文量
47
期刊介绍: A peer-reviewed journal, the International Journal of Tourism Cities provides an international forum for the critical study of urban tourism and tourism cities. The journal aims to be inter-disciplinary in its appreciation of tourism cities and tourism in urban areas, and welcomes original, theoretically-informed articles from those involved in the planning, management or marketing of tourism in city destination or places adjoining urban areas. Urban tourism and travel cover many disciplines and impinge on numerous aspects of daily life within cities. Moreover, they play a key role in domestic and international tourism in most countries, and cities often function as key travel gateways and tourism destinations. The International Journal of Tourism Cities contents include primary research articles, expert discussions on current urban tourism issues, and tourism city case studies. Articles are selected that are relevant to both academics and practitioners. The journal particularly encourages contributions on contemporary topics and issues in urban tourism including smart cities and tourism, environmental impact and sustainable tourism development in cities, citizen and stakeholder involvement in tourism, city destination governance, and the development of policies and standards for city tourism development. The International Journal of Tourism Cities has four distinct purposes: To encourage greater research and scholarship related to tourism in urban settings. To stimulate more interdisciplinary research on tourism in cities, particularly the integration of tourism and urban studies theories and principles. To generate more research studies on tourism at the edge of cities, where urban and rural areas converge. To create more literature on best practices in city tourism worldwide through in-depth analyses and the production of exemplary case studies.
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