On the synchronization of discrete-time Kuramoto model with frustration

In this paper, we study the emergent discrete-time dynamics of the Kuramoto model with frustration. For the discrete identical Kuramoto model with frustration, we present the exponential synchronization estimate for some admissible classes of initial configuration confined in a half circle. For the nonidentical oscillators, we exploit the second-order lifting of the original Kuramoto model with frustration and study the emergent behaviors of the corresponding discrete augmented model. More precisely, under a sufficient framework in terms of large coupling strength and small step size, we derive that the initial configuration distributed in a small set of a quarter circle will converge to frequency synchronization.