PZT-based high-temperature ultrasonic dual mode transducer applicable to cubic-anvil apparatus for sound velocity measurement

The ultrasonic transducer is an indispensably critical component for sound velocity measurement. With the increasing demand of high-temperature ultrasonic dual mode transducer applicable to cubic-anvil apparatus, where experiments of high-pressure and high-temperature sound velocity are routinely conducted, a PZT-based ultrasonic dual mode transducer was presented in this study. It was made of a sandwich of two PZT piezoceramic wafers, the upper one generating P-waves and the lower one generating S-waves. The transducer was directly bonded onto a WC anvil of cubic-anvil apparatus using high-temperature adhesive, and then heated in an oven while measuring the bottom echoes from the WC anvil. The results showed that the high-temperature transducer could work up to 140 °C. The transducer features low cost, easy fabricating, and highquality signals, and so we believe it is useful for sound velocity measurement at high temperatures in cubic-anvil apparatus.