新冠肺炎大流行期间老年人应对认知评价的定性分析:社会资本的作用

COVID Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI:10.3390/covid3100111
Linying Dong, Alexandra Katsiris, Mariah Lecompte, Cassandra Skrotzki, Lixia Yang
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摘要

适应性应对COVID-19大流行等压力事件挑战的能力对于健康老龄化至关重要。一种有效的应对策略是利用社会网络来寻求支持的社会应对。然而,我们回顾了目前关于老年人应对能力的文献,发现了两个不足之处:(1)缺乏对特定情境的考虑;(2)在认知评估过程中对不同类型的社会网络的关注不足。由于老年人的应对是一个认知评估过程,在这个过程中,老年人通过认知评估来确定适当的应对策略,这些缺陷导致了对老年人应对努力的不完全理解,并影响了有效的社区和干预计划的发展,以改善老年人的福祉。为了填补这一空白,我们利用压力与应对的交易模型和社会资本理论,对在COVID-19期间经历过封锁措施的老年人进行了22次采访。我们深入的定性分析表明,在认知评估过程中,社会资本的结合和桥接发挥了不同的作用,并说明了特定背景对认知评估和随后的应对努力的影响。我们的研究结果对应对和社会资本的理论,以及改善老年人福祉的实践和政策都有重要的贡献。
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A Qualitative Analysis of Older Adults’ Cognitive Appraisal in Coping during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Capital
The ability to adaptively cope with the challenges of stressful events such as the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for healthy aging. One effective coping strategy is social coping in which social networks are tapped for support. However, our review of the current literature on older adults’ coping abilities reveals two shortcomings: (1) a lack of consideration of a specific context and (2) an inadequate amount of attention paid to the different types of social networks in the cognitive appraisal process. As coping is a process in which older adults undergo the cognitive appraisal process to identify appropriate coping strategies, the shortcomings result in an incomplete understanding of older adults’ coping efforts and impair the development of effective community and intervention programs to improve older adults’ well-being. To fill this gap, drawing on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping and the Social Capital Theory, we conducted 22 interviews with older adults who experienced lockdown measures during COVID-19. Our in-depth qualitative analysis shows the different roles played by bonding and bridging social capital in the cognitive appraisal process and illustrates the influence of a specific context on cognitive appraisals and subsequent coping efforts. Our findings provide significant contributions to theories regarding coping and social capital, as well as practices and policies for improving the well-being of older adults.
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