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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。从热力学的角度分析全球环境问题的原因和克服这些问题的可能性。结果。分析了热力学定律在解决环境问题中的应用。生命和整个生物圈的存在是由能量的流动决定的,生物单位重量的能量流动强度大大超过了太阳中能量转化的特定强度。根据热力学第二定律,得出了环境污染的客观性,因为能量转化的效率总是小于100%,为1-50%。降解后的剩余部分是造成环境污染的主要原因。许多全球性环境问题的出现都与这部分能源直接相关。人口和能源消耗都呈指数级增长。对全球环境问题的存在和发展进行了批判性的概述。对本世纪人口增长的发展进行了预测。结论。讨论了克服全球环境问题的可能方法。确认需要发展一种人类与环境相互作用的新范例。
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Thermodynamic approaches in the study of environmental problems
Purpose. Analysis from the thermodynamic point of view of the causes of global environmental problems and the possibilities of overcoming them. Results. The application of the laws of thermodynamics to attempts to solve environmental problems is analyzed. The existence of life and the biosphere as a whole is determined by the flow of energy, the intensity of which per unit weight of living beings significantly exceeds the specific intensity of energy transformation in the Sun. From the second law of thermodynamics, a conclusion is made about the objectivity of environmental pollution, since the efficiency of energy transformation is always less than 100%, and is 1-50%. The remaining part of the degraded energy is the main cause of environmental pollution. The emergence of many global environmental problems is directly related to this part of energy. There is continuous exponential growth in both population and energy consumption. A critical overview of the existence and development of global environmental problems is given. The development of population growth is predicted for the current century. Conclusions. Possible ways to overcome global environmental problems are discussed. The need to develop a new paradigm of human interaction with the environment is confirmed.
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