根据微生物指标对多瑙河三角洲和梅洛河水体的自净监测

I. V. Zinchenko, O. H. Vasenko, E. V. Babich, L. S. Anhina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。多瑙河三角洲和小梅尔洛河(沃斯克拉河支流)水域自净监测微生物指标分析。方法。为了评价微生物在维持水生生态系统动态平衡中的作用,研究自洁过程的强度和污染的生物指示,测定了各种生态和营养类群的定性和定量特征。本生和异生腐生微生物TBC的比值指标(Ri)决定了自清洁过程的动态和强度。梅洛河的富营养性和野蛮性水平由现象标志决定。结果。经证实,在雷尼市上方的多瑙河三角洲水域和贝斯特里支流观察到最强烈的自净过程。受污染最严重的水域位于靠近Izmail镇的Kiliya分支,位于Kiliya镇下方和Vylkove镇上方(9公里)。根据水生生物和微生物指标,对食品工业企业在梅洛河中排放的废水进行了监测研究。结果表明,该河流污染严重,水生态系统受到较大的人为负荷,具有较低的比率指标(Ri)。根据酸碱度和富营养化程度,确定废水排放区河流与肥厚和多贫营养化有关。该食品工业企业处理设施改造后,废水排放点的情况发生了变化:Ri从1.1增加到3.2,排放点水域已被划分为多脏水区,并有中脏水区迹象,表明有自净倾向。结论。研究表明,水体的自清洁程度受人为污染源的影响。多瑙河三角洲的水生态系统比小梅尔洛河(沃斯克拉河的一条支流)的生态系统具有更明显的自我恢复趋势。对排入漓江的工业废水进行有效处理对漓江的积极影响,以及对生态系统的营养性和野蛮性的积极影响,已经得到证实。
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Self-purification monitoring of the Danube delta and Merlo river aquatic water according to microbiological indicators
Purpose. Analysis of self-purification monitoring of the water area of the Danube delta and the small Merlo river (tributary of the Vorskla) according to microbiological indicators. Methods. To evaluate the role of microorganisms in maintaining the homeostasis of aquatic ecosystems, to study the intensity of self-cleaning processes and bioindication of pollution, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of various ecological and trophic groups were determined. The dynamics and intensity of self-cleaning processes were determined by the ratio indicator (Ri) of TBC of autochthonous and allochthonous saprophytic microorganisms. The level of trophicity and saprobity in the Merlo river was determined by phenomenological signs. Results. It was established that the most intensive processes of self-purification were observed in the water area of the Danube delta above Reni city and in the Bystry branch. The most polluted water areas among studied were in the Kiliya branch near the town of Izmail, below the town of Kiliya and above the town of Vylkove (9th km). Monitoring studies of the Merlo river, in the area of the wastewater discharge in it of the food industry enterprise, were carried out according to hydrobiological and microbiological indicators. It was established that the river is very polluted, is under a large anthropogenic load on the water ecosystem and has a low ratio indicator (Ri). It was determined that according to the degree of saprobity and trophicity, the river in the wastewater discharge zone is related to hypertrophic and polysaprobic. After reconstruction of the treatment facilities at the food industry enterprise, the situation at the wastewater discharge point changed: Ri has increased from 1.1 to 3.2, and the water area at the discharge point has been classified as a polysaprobic zone, with signs of a mesosaprobic zone, which indicates a tendency to self-purification. Conclusions. It was established that the degree of self-cleaning processes is affected by anthropogenic sources of pollution of water bodies. The water ecosystems of the Danube delta have more pronounced tendencies to self-recovery than the ecosystems of the small Merlo river (a tributary of the Vorskla river). The positive impact of effective treatment of industrial wastewater discharged into the river on Ri, as well as on the trophicity and saprobity of ecosystems, has been established.
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