加拿大北温哥华岛喀斯特洞穴环境的晚更新世动物组合

IF 1.6 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI:10.1080/20555563.2023.2272120
Duncan McLaren, Rebecca Wigen, Daryl Fedje, Angela Dyck, Christopher F.G. Hebda, Evan Morien, Mikkel Winther Pedersen, Eske Willerslev, Linda Y. Rutledge, McIntyre A. Barrera, Jim Stafford, David Wall, Bryn Letham
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We also report on a previously undescribed diminutive red fox (Vulpes vulpes) which no longer inhabits Vancouver Island. We present the results of sedaDNA analysis of cave sediments which demonstrates promise in supporting the morphological identification of animal remains. The results of this study, combined with previous research, help to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and when land became viable to support land mammals on northern Vancouver Island.KEYWORDS: Terminal Pleistocenefaunal communitiesVancouver Islandpaleontologyarchaeology AcknowledgementsMany people helped with various aspects of this project. The authors of this report are grateful to them all. Eric Peterson and Christina Munck of the Tula Foundation and Hakai Institute are thanked for funding this research. The authors also thank Harry Alfred, Spruce Rufus, Leroy Wadhams, Harry Brown, Geza Vamos, Brian Svanvik, Don Svanvik, and Rachel Dalton from the ‘Namgis First Nation; Mark Hunt, Mark Wallas, Tyrone Wallas, Isaac Williams, Sonny Wallas, James Redford, and Charles Sheard, from the Quatsino First Nation; archaeologists Jim Stafford, Alisha Gauvreau, John White, John Maxwell, Daryl Fedje, Quentin Mackie, Angela Dyck, Chris Hebda, Bryn Letham, Callum Abbott, Duncan McLaren, Kennedy Richard, Michael Richards, and Jude Isabella; botanist Richard Hebda; LiDAR specialists Derek Heathfield and the Hakai Geospatial Technology Team, SedaDNA Analysts Mikkel Pedersen, Eske Willerslev, Evan Morien, Chris Hebda, Alisha Gauvreau, and Matt Lemay; ancient mtDNA analysts Dongya Yang, Hua Zhang and the Ancient DNA facility at Simon Fraser University, and Linda Rutledge and Mac Barrera at the Hakai Ancient DNA lab on Quadra Island; radiocarbon analysts John Southon and The W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility; speleologists David Wall and Peter Curtis; karstologists Paul Griffiths and Carol Ramsey; faunal analysts Becky Wigen and Pacific Identifications; and Cathy Rzeplinkski, Jindra Belanger, Ute Muller, Chris Darimont, and April Nowell of the University of Victoria. Eske Willerslev thanks St. John’s College, Cambridge, for providing a stimulating environment of discussion and learning.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Ages presented in this paper are calendar years ago (before AD 1950). Ranges and medians derived from 14C ages are designated “cal yr BP”. Approximate ages (e.g., estimates or from literature) are designated “years ago” or “years old”. Lab numbers for radiocarbon dates are provided in Table 1.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Tula Foundation [grant number Arch 2023-2028]. The Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre is supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R302-2018-2155, R155-2013-16338), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18SA0035006), the Welcome Trust (214300), Carlsberg Foundation (CF18-0024), the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF94), the University of Copenhagen (KU2016 programme), and Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, to E.W. The Centre for Ancient Environmental Genomics (CAEG) is supported by a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF174).Notes on contributorsDuncan McLarenDuncan McLaren earned his PhD at the University of Victoria in 2008. His research interests include the archaeology and paleoecology of far western Canada.Rebecca WigenRebecca Wigen earned her MA at the University of Victoria in 1980. Her research interests include zooarchaeology.Daryl FedjeDaryl Fedje earned his MA from the University of Calgary in 1993. Research interests include coastal archaeology and paleoecology.Angela DyckAngela Dyck earned her BA in 2015 at the University of Victoria. Her research interests include lithic analysis and delving into the many facets of palaeoarchaeology.Christopher F.G. HebdaChristopher F. G. Hebda earned his MA at the University of Victoria in 2019 and he currently works as an archaeologist/palaeoecologist at the Hakai Institute in Victoria, Canada. His research interests include describing late Quaternary ecosystems in coastal BC using techniques like palynology and aDNA analysis, and using this context to search for/understand late Pleistocene archaeology in the region.Evan MorienEvan Morien is a bioinformatics scientist at the Hakai Institute. He earned his MSc at the University of British Columbia in 2012. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文介绍了对北温哥华岛溶洞的调查结果。这项工作的重点是晚更新世动物遗骸和潜在的考古沉积物。我们对这些洞穴中动物遗骸的分析表明,自末次盛冰期以来,有各种各样的动物居住在这个地区。发现的更新世分类群包括黑尾鹿(Odocoileus hemionus)、黑熊(Ursus americanus)、山羊(Oreamnos americanus)、温哥华岛土拨鼠(Marmota Vancouver ensis)、狼/狗(Canis spp.)、鼬鼠(Mustela)和青蛙(Anura)。我们还报告了以前未描述的小型红狐(Vulpes Vulpes),它不再居住在温哥华岛。我们介绍了洞穴沉积物的sedaDNA分析结果,该结果显示了支持动物遗骸形态鉴定的希望。这项研究的结果,结合之前的研究,有助于限制末次冰期高峰的时间,以及何时陆地可以养活温哥华岛北部的陆地哺乳动物。关键词:终末更新世动物群落温哥华岛古生物学考古学致谢许多人在这个项目的各个方面提供了帮助。本报告的作者感谢他们所有人。图拉基金会和Hakai研究所的埃里克·彼得森和克里斯蒂娜·蒙克对这项研究的资助表示感谢。作者还感谢来自“纳姆吉斯第一民族”的Harry Alfred、Spruce Rufus、Leroy Wadhams、Harry Brown、Geza Vamos、Brian Svanvik、Don Svanvik和Rachel Dalton;来自Quatsino First Nation的Mark Hunt、Mark Wallas、Tyrone Wallas、Isaac Williams、Sonny Wallas、James Redford和Charles Sheard;考古学家Jim Stafford、Alisha Gauvreau、John White、John Maxwell、Daryl Fedje、Quentin Mackie、Angela Dyck、Chris Hebda、Bryn Letham、Callum Abbott、Duncan McLaren、Kennedy Richard、Michael Richards和Jude Isabella;植物学家理查德·赫布达;激光雷达专家Derek Heathfield和Hakai地理空间技术团队、SedaDNA分析师Mikkel Pedersen、Eske Willerslev、Evan Morien、Chris Hebda、Alisha Gauvreau和Matt Lemay;西蒙弗雷泽大学古DNA实验室的古代mtDNA分析师杨冬娅、张华和古DNA实验室,以及Quadra岛Hakai古DNA实验室的Linda Rutledge和Mac Barrera;放射性碳分析师约翰·索森和W.M.凯克碳循环加速器质谱仪设施;洞穴学家大卫·沃尔和彼得·柯蒂斯;岩溶学家保罗·格里菲斯和卡罗尔·拉姆齐;动物分析学家Becky Wigen和Pacific identiations;以及维多利亚大学的Cathy Rzeplinkski、Jindra Belanger、Ute Muller、Chris Darimont和April Nowell。埃斯克·威勒斯列夫感谢剑桥大学圣约翰学院提供了一个激发讨论和学习的环境。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1本文所示年龄为历年以前(公元1950年以前)。从14C年代得出的范围和中位数被称为“calyr BP”。大约的年龄(例如,估计或从文献)被指定为“年前”或“年”。放射性碳测年的实验室编号见表1。本研究得到了图拉基金会的支持[授权号Arch 2023-2028]。灵北基金会地球遗传学中心得到了灵北基金会(R302-2018-2155, R155-2013-16338)、诺和诺德基金会(NNF18SA0035006)、欢迎信托基金(214300)、嘉士伯基金会(CF18-0024)、丹麦国家研究基金会(DNRF94)、哥本哈根大学(KU2016项目)和Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S的资助。古代环境基因组学中心(CAEG)得到了丹麦国家研究基金会(DNRF174)的资助。邓肯·麦克拉伦于2008年在维多利亚大学获得博士学位。他的研究兴趣包括加拿大远西部的考古学和古生态学。Rebecca Wigen于1980年在维多利亚大学获得文学硕士学位。她的研究兴趣包括动物考古学。Daryl Fedje于1993年在卡尔加里大学获得硕士学位。主要研究方向为海岸考古学和古生态学。Angela Dyck于2015年在维多利亚大学获得学士学位。她的研究兴趣包括石器分析和深入研究古考古学的许多方面。Christopher F.G. Hebda于2019年在维多利亚大学获得硕士学位,目前在加拿大维多利亚Hakai研究所担任考古学家/古生态学家。他的研究兴趣包括利用孢粉学和aDNA分析等技术描述不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海地区的晚第四纪生态系统,并利用这一背景来寻找/了解该地区的晚更新世考古学。Evan Morien是Hakai研究所的生物信息学科学家。他于2012年在不列颠哥伦比亚大学获得理学硕士学位。 他的研究兴趣包括微生物和宿主相关生态学,环境DNA监测。Mikkel Winther Pedersen在丹麦哥本哈根大学获得博士学位。他是古代DNA和基因组学分析的专家,从地质和考古沉积沉积物中进行古环境重建。Eske WillerslevProf。Eske Willerslev是一位进化遗传学家,研究领域包括古DNA、DNA降解和环境DNA。他在哥本哈根大学担任教授,在那里他是伦德贝克基金会地球遗传学中心和古代环境基因组学中心(CAEG)的主任,以及剑桥大学动物学系菲利普亲王教授。琳达·拉特利奇于2010年在特伦特大学获得环境与生命科学博士学位。她对使用当代和古代基因组学来回答有关野生动物生态和进化的问题非常感兴趣。McIntyre A. Barrera在温哥华岛大学获得生物学学士学位。主要研究方向为分子系统学、岛屿生物地理学、宿主-寄生虫协同进化。Jim Stafford于1997年在西蒙弗雷泽大学获得学士学位。他的研究兴趣包括景观考古学、美洲人类定居和田野方法。David Wall是不列颠哥伦比亚省洞穴学联合会主席。他在43K荒野解决方案公司工作,是远程工作和安全方面的专家。Bryn Letham于2017年在不列颠哥伦比亚大学获得博士学位。他的研究兴趣包括结合海岸地质考古学和古环境重建来解释北美西部从晚更新世到现在的变化景观。
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Late Pleistocene Faunal Assemblages from Karst Cave Settings on Northern Vancouver Island, Canada
ABSTRACTWe present the results of our investigations in karst caves on northern Vancouver Island. This work focuses on late Pleistocene faunal remains and potential archaeological deposits. Our analyses of faunal remains from these caves reveal that a variety of animals have inhabited the region since the Last Glacial Maximum. Pleistocene taxa recovered include black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), black bear (Ursus americanus), mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis), wolf/dog (Canis spp.), weasel (Mustela), and frog (Anura). We also report on a previously undescribed diminutive red fox (Vulpes vulpes) which no longer inhabits Vancouver Island. We present the results of sedaDNA analysis of cave sediments which demonstrates promise in supporting the morphological identification of animal remains. The results of this study, combined with previous research, help to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and when land became viable to support land mammals on northern Vancouver Island.KEYWORDS: Terminal Pleistocenefaunal communitiesVancouver Islandpaleontologyarchaeology AcknowledgementsMany people helped with various aspects of this project. The authors of this report are grateful to them all. Eric Peterson and Christina Munck of the Tula Foundation and Hakai Institute are thanked for funding this research. The authors also thank Harry Alfred, Spruce Rufus, Leroy Wadhams, Harry Brown, Geza Vamos, Brian Svanvik, Don Svanvik, and Rachel Dalton from the ‘Namgis First Nation; Mark Hunt, Mark Wallas, Tyrone Wallas, Isaac Williams, Sonny Wallas, James Redford, and Charles Sheard, from the Quatsino First Nation; archaeologists Jim Stafford, Alisha Gauvreau, John White, John Maxwell, Daryl Fedje, Quentin Mackie, Angela Dyck, Chris Hebda, Bryn Letham, Callum Abbott, Duncan McLaren, Kennedy Richard, Michael Richards, and Jude Isabella; botanist Richard Hebda; LiDAR specialists Derek Heathfield and the Hakai Geospatial Technology Team, SedaDNA Analysts Mikkel Pedersen, Eske Willerslev, Evan Morien, Chris Hebda, Alisha Gauvreau, and Matt Lemay; ancient mtDNA analysts Dongya Yang, Hua Zhang and the Ancient DNA facility at Simon Fraser University, and Linda Rutledge and Mac Barrera at the Hakai Ancient DNA lab on Quadra Island; radiocarbon analysts John Southon and The W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility; speleologists David Wall and Peter Curtis; karstologists Paul Griffiths and Carol Ramsey; faunal analysts Becky Wigen and Pacific Identifications; and Cathy Rzeplinkski, Jindra Belanger, Ute Muller, Chris Darimont, and April Nowell of the University of Victoria. Eske Willerslev thanks St. John’s College, Cambridge, for providing a stimulating environment of discussion and learning.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Ages presented in this paper are calendar years ago (before AD 1950). Ranges and medians derived from 14C ages are designated “cal yr BP”. Approximate ages (e.g., estimates or from literature) are designated “years ago” or “years old”. Lab numbers for radiocarbon dates are provided in Table 1.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Tula Foundation [grant number Arch 2023-2028]. The Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre is supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R302-2018-2155, R155-2013-16338), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18SA0035006), the Welcome Trust (214300), Carlsberg Foundation (CF18-0024), the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF94), the University of Copenhagen (KU2016 programme), and Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, to E.W. The Centre for Ancient Environmental Genomics (CAEG) is supported by a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF174).Notes on contributorsDuncan McLarenDuncan McLaren earned his PhD at the University of Victoria in 2008. His research interests include the archaeology and paleoecology of far western Canada.Rebecca WigenRebecca Wigen earned her MA at the University of Victoria in 1980. Her research interests include zooarchaeology.Daryl FedjeDaryl Fedje earned his MA from the University of Calgary in 1993. Research interests include coastal archaeology and paleoecology.Angela DyckAngela Dyck earned her BA in 2015 at the University of Victoria. Her research interests include lithic analysis and delving into the many facets of palaeoarchaeology.Christopher F.G. HebdaChristopher F. G. Hebda earned his MA at the University of Victoria in 2019 and he currently works as an archaeologist/palaeoecologist at the Hakai Institute in Victoria, Canada. His research interests include describing late Quaternary ecosystems in coastal BC using techniques like palynology and aDNA analysis, and using this context to search for/understand late Pleistocene archaeology in the region.Evan MorienEvan Morien is a bioinformatics scientist at the Hakai Institute. He earned his MSc at the University of British Columbia in 2012. His research interests include microbial and host-associated ecology, and environmental DNA monitoring.Mikkel Winther PedersenMikkel Winther Pedersen earned his PhD at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He is a specialist in Ancient DNA and genomics analysis from geological and archaeological sedimentary deposits for paleo-environmental reconstruction.Eske WillerslevProf. Eske Willerslev is an evolutionary geneticist and researcher in the fields of ancient DNA, DNA degradation, and environmental DNA. He holds a professorship at the University of Copenhagen, where he is the Director of the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre and the Centre for Ancient Envoironmental Genomics (CAEG), as well as the Prince Philip Professorship at the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge.Linda Y. RutledgeLinda Rutledge earned her PhD in Environmental and Life Sciences at Trent University in 2010. She is broadly interested in using contemporary and ancient genomics to answer questions about the ecology and evolution of wildlife.McIntyre A. BarreraMcIntyre Barrera earned his BSc in Biology at Vancouver Island University. His research interests include molecular systematics, island biogeography, and host–parasite coevolution.Jim StaffordJim Stafford earned his BA at Simon Fraser University in 1997. His research interests include landscape archaeology, peopling of the Americas, and field methods.David WallDavid Wall is the President of the British Columbia Speleological Federation. He works for 43K Wilderness Solutions and is an expert in remote work and safety.Bryn LethamBryn Letham earned his PhD at the University of British Columbia in 2017. His research interests include combining coastal geoarchaeology and paleoenvironmental reconstruction to interpret transforming landscapes in western North America from the late Pleistocene to the present day.
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来源期刊
PaleoAmerica
PaleoAmerica Earth and Planetary Sciences-Paleontology
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: PaleoAmerica disseminates new research results and ideas about early human dispersal and migrations, with a particular focus on the Americas. It fosters an interdisciplinary dialog between archaeologists, geneticists and other scientists investigating the dispersal of modern humans during the late Pleistocene. The journal has three goals: First and foremost, the journal is a vehicle for the presentation of new research results. Second, it includes editorials on special topics written by leaders in the field. Third, the journal solicits essays covering current debates in the field, the state of research in relevant disciplines, and summaries of new research findings in a particular region, for example Beringia, the Eastern Seaboard or the Southern Cone of South America. Although the journal’s focus is the peopling of the Americas, editorials and research essays also highlight the investigation of early human colonization of empty lands in other areas of the world. As techniques are developing so rapidly, work in other regions can be very relevant to the Americas, so the journal will publish research relating to other regions which has relevance to research on the Americas.
期刊最新文献
A Stemmed Point Assemblage from the Peace River Country of Northwestern Alberta Early Holocene Archaeological Context and Assemblages of Baño Nuevo 1: A Key Site in Central West Patagonia Current Research from Center for the Study of the First Americans Scholars Chindadn Bifaces and the Archaeology of Terminal-Pleistocene Alaska Experimental Investigations of Eastern Beringian Hunting Technologies
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