{"title":"XBB.2.3,患病率、结构、基因组和致病特性。","authors":"Oscar Cobar, Stella Cobar","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4137","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization -WHO- declares the end of COVID-19 pandemic on May 5, 2023, and the contagious and pathogenic XBB.2.3 “Acrux” begins to spread worldwide. XBB.2.3 has a higher transmission rate and greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than the XBB.1.16 strain, the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections, besides that current virus vaccines and their boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Aim: The purpose of the manuscript is to present a systematic review on the prevalence, structural, genomic, and pathogenic characteristics of XBB.2.3 and its descendants as of May 31, 2023, emphasizing the symptoms generated in children, adults, and the elderly. Material and methods: Original scientific articles published in Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and BioMed Central databases, official health organizations (WHO, CDC, ECDEC, DOH Philippines) electronic publications, and specialized media in the subject, were electronically searched to accomplish the aim of the study. Articles published in any language were included from 2020 to present using a variety of keywords in combination. The studies relevant to our review were analysed and compared. Results and discussion: XBB.2.3 probably originated in India, but is expanding, being detected as early as Europe in mid-January 2023 and as of May 31, 2023, in more than 47 countries, including the United States, India, Philippines and Thailand. XBB.2.3* has five defining mutations; S:D253G (previously found in Lambda and Iota variants), S:P521S (new since XBB family), S:S486P and the unprecedented ORF1a:G2091S, and ORF7a:A13V. S:S486P is probably the responsible of the superior transmissibility of XBB.2.3*, appears to have a 37% rate of infection and hospitalisation, which is 3-8% higher than other sub-variants. Conclusions: XBB.2.3* SARS-CoV-2 strain has a higher transmission rate than XBB.1.16*, exhibits a greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than XBB.1.16*, and even has the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Preliminary data from the study suggest that current virus vaccines and their current boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. The potential consequences of XBB.2.3* underscore the importance of coordinated, proactive and productive efforts to contain its spread.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"XBB.2.3, Prevalence, Structural, Genomic, and Pathogenic Properties.\",\"authors\":\"Oscar Cobar, Stella Cobar\",\"doi\":\"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4137\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Background: The World Health Organization -WHO- declares the end of COVID-19 pandemic on May 5, 2023, and the contagious and pathogenic XBB.2.3 “Acrux” begins to spread worldwide. XBB.2.3 has a higher transmission rate and greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than the XBB.1.16 strain, the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections, besides that current virus vaccines and their boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Aim: The purpose of the manuscript is to present a systematic review on the prevalence, structural, genomic, and pathogenic characteristics of XBB.2.3 and its descendants as of May 31, 2023, emphasizing the symptoms generated in children, adults, and the elderly. Material and methods: Original scientific articles published in Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and BioMed Central databases, official health organizations (WHO, CDC, ECDEC, DOH Philippines) electronic publications, and specialized media in the subject, were electronically searched to accomplish the aim of the study. Articles published in any language were included from 2020 to present using a variety of keywords in combination. The studies relevant to our review were analysed and compared. Results and discussion: XBB.2.3 probably originated in India, but is expanding, being detected as early as Europe in mid-January 2023 and as of May 31, 2023, in more than 47 countries, including the United States, India, Philippines and Thailand. XBB.2.3* has five defining mutations; S:D253G (previously found in Lambda and Iota variants), S:P521S (new since XBB family), S:S486P and the unprecedented ORF1a:G2091S, and ORF7a:A13V. S:S486P is probably the responsible of the superior transmissibility of XBB.2.3*, appears to have a 37% rate of infection and hospitalisation, which is 3-8% higher than other sub-variants. Conclusions: XBB.2.3* SARS-CoV-2 strain has a higher transmission rate than XBB.1.16*, exhibits a greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than XBB.1.16*, and even has the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Preliminary data from the study suggest that current virus vaccines and their current boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. The potential consequences of XBB.2.3* underscore the importance of coordinated, proactive and productive efforts to contain its spread.\",\"PeriodicalId\":18641,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Medical Research Archives\",\"volume\":\"171 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Medical Research Archives\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4137\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Medical Research Archives","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4137","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:2023年5月5日,世界卫生组织(who)宣布新冠肺炎大流行结束,传染性和致病性XBB.2.3“Acrux”开始在全球传播。与XBB.1.16毒株相比,XBB.2.3具有更高的传播率和更强的免疫产生抗体和疫苗的逃避能力,有可能逃避所有形式的免疫,包括目前加强疫苗接种或以前感染的免疫,此外,目前的病毒疫苗及其加强疫苗可能对XBB.2.3*提供很少或根本没有保护。那些感染了XBB.2.3*的人预计会获得更多的机会性继发感染,从而导致疾病的严重程度和更多的长期问题(后covid综合征),并可能增加死亡率。目的:本论文的目的是对截至2023年5月31日XBB.2.3及其后代的患病率、结构、基因组和致病特征进行系统综述,重点介绍儿童、成人和老年人的症状。材料和方法:电子检索发表在Medline、Pubmed、Science Direct、Web of Science、Scopus、EBSCO和BioMed Central数据库、官方卫生组织(WHO、CDC、ECDEC、DOH菲律宾)电子出版物和该主题的专业媒体上的原创科学文章,以完成研究目的。从2020年到现在,使用各种关键词组合,以任何语言发表的文章都被包括在内。对与本综述相关的研究进行了分析和比较。结果和讨论:XBB.2.3可能起源于印度,但正在扩大,最早于2023年1月中旬在欧洲被发现,截至2023年5月31日,在超过47个国家被发现,包括美国、印度、菲律宾和泰国。XBB.2.3*有五个定义突变;S:D253G(以前在Lambda和Iota变体中发现),S:P521S(自XBB家族以来的新产品),S:S486P和前所未有的ORF1a:G2091S和ORF7a:A13V。S:S486P可能是xbb的高传播性的原因。2.3*,似乎有37%的感染率和住院率,比其他亚变异高3-8%。结论:XBB.2.3* SARS-CoV-2病毒株的传播率高于XBB.1.16*,对免疫产生的抗体和疫苗的逃避能力高于XBB.1.16*,甚至有可能逃避所有形式的免疫,包括当前加强疫苗接种或以前感染的免疫。那些感染了XBB.2.3*的人预计会获得更多的机会性继发感染,从而导致疾病的严重程度和更多的长期问题(后covid综合征),并可能增加死亡率。该研究的初步数据表明,目前的病毒疫苗及其增强剂可能对XBB.2.3*提供很少或根本没有保护。XBB.2.3*的潜在后果强调了协调、积极和富有成效的努力以遏制其传播的重要性。
XBB.2.3, Prevalence, Structural, Genomic, and Pathogenic Properties.
Background: The World Health Organization -WHO- declares the end of COVID-19 pandemic on May 5, 2023, and the contagious and pathogenic XBB.2.3 “Acrux” begins to spread worldwide. XBB.2.3 has a higher transmission rate and greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than the XBB.1.16 strain, the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections, besides that current virus vaccines and their boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Aim: The purpose of the manuscript is to present a systematic review on the prevalence, structural, genomic, and pathogenic characteristics of XBB.2.3 and its descendants as of May 31, 2023, emphasizing the symptoms generated in children, adults, and the elderly. Material and methods: Original scientific articles published in Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and BioMed Central databases, official health organizations (WHO, CDC, ECDEC, DOH Philippines) electronic publications, and specialized media in the subject, were electronically searched to accomplish the aim of the study. Articles published in any language were included from 2020 to present using a variety of keywords in combination. The studies relevant to our review were analysed and compared. Results and discussion: XBB.2.3 probably originated in India, but is expanding, being detected as early as Europe in mid-January 2023 and as of May 31, 2023, in more than 47 countries, including the United States, India, Philippines and Thailand. XBB.2.3* has five defining mutations; S:D253G (previously found in Lambda and Iota variants), S:P521S (new since XBB family), S:S486P and the unprecedented ORF1a:G2091S, and ORF7a:A13V. S:S486P is probably the responsible of the superior transmissibility of XBB.2.3*, appears to have a 37% rate of infection and hospitalisation, which is 3-8% higher than other sub-variants. Conclusions: XBB.2.3* SARS-CoV-2 strain has a higher transmission rate than XBB.1.16*, exhibits a greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than XBB.1.16*, and even has the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Preliminary data from the study suggest that current virus vaccines and their current boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. The potential consequences of XBB.2.3* underscore the importance of coordinated, proactive and productive efforts to contain its spread.