从循环到永久:1955-73 年西班牙农村人口外流期间移民的经济同化

IF 1.4 1区 历史学 Q3 ECONOMICS Economic History Review Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI:10.1111/ehr.13294
José Antonio García-Barrero
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摘要

二十世纪以来,循环移徙在西班牙城乡移民同化过程中发挥了重要作用。本文分析了 1955-73 年农村人口外流期间,此类移民的临时性对移民经济同化的短期影响。更具体地说,我研究了这一过程中的一个关键情景--西班牙旅游业的繁荣。利用新颖的微观数据集,研究结果表明,临时性是制约移民实现收入增长能力的关键因素。因此,坚持循环移徙的动机和永久定居的社会经济限制产生了严重的负面影响。与永久移民相比,这些移民被分流到收入较低的职业,获得东道国特有的人力和社会资本的动机和机会较少。因此,随着循环移徙年数的增加,循环移徙者的职业成就较低,导致与本地人和永久移徙者的收入差距拉大。这些结果表明,与本地人相比,大多数移民利用快速结构变化过程的机会较少,这不仅是因为他们的人力和社会资本较低,还因为他们移民的临时性。
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From circular to permanent: The economic assimilation of migrants during Spain's rural exodus, 1955–73

Circular migration has played a substantial role in the assimilation process of rural–urban migrants in Spain across the twentieth century. This paper analyses the short-term impact of the temporariness of this type of migration in the economic assimilation of migrants during the rural exodus, 1955–73. More specifically, I study this process in one key scenario – the Spanish tourism boom. Using a novel micro-dataset, results show that the temporariness was a key factor that constrained the capacity of migrants to achieve income growth. Thus, the incentives to persist with circular migratory movements and the socio-economic constraints on permanent settlement had significant adverse consequences. These migrants sorted into lower-income occupations and had lower incentives and chances to acquire host-specific human and social capital in comparison with permanent migrants. As a result, circular migrants registered lower occupational attainment leading to a higher income gap with natives and permanent migrants as the years of circular migration increased in number. These results indicate that most migrants had fewer chances than natives of taking advantage of the process of rapid structural change not solely because of lower human and social capital factors but also because of the temporariness of their migration.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
27.30%
发文量
84
期刊介绍: The Economic History Review is published quarterly and each volume contains over 800 pages. It is an invaluable source of information and is available free to members of the Economic History Society. Publishing reviews of books, periodicals and information technology, The Review will keep anyone interested in economic and social history abreast of current developments in the subject. It aims at broad coverage of themes of economic and social change, including the intellectual, political and cultural implications of these changes.
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