Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Gallic Acid, Scopoletin, Umbelliferone, and Imperatorin in Bael avaleha

Bael avaleha is a semisolid ayurvedic formulation containing the fruit of bael, which acts as an anthelmintic to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and IBS. It strengthens the gastrointestinal tract, heals ulcers, and alleviates abdominal pain. The avleha contains excess sugar, which can result in faster absorption of active ingredients in the biological system. Researchers have begun scrutinizing ayurvedic formulations for quality and consistency, with quality testing being conducted to ensure that the quality of ayurvedic formulations adheres to ayurvedic standards. Phytochemical fingerprinting by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques is becoming more popular in assessing the efficacy of ayurvedic products. Previous studies evaluated phenolic compounds, flavonoids, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes in Bael fruit using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), HPTLC, and HPLC methods.This study evaluated marketed bael avaleha formulations (BA I and II) for organoleptic characteristics, physical parameters, and phytoconstituents. A UV-vis spectrophotometric study was conducted for quantitative analysis of phytochemicals. The extract of bael avaleha formulations BA I and BA II were found to have a total phenolic content of 42.34 ± 0.090 mg GAE/g and 38.52 ± 0.065 mg GAE/g, a flavonoid content of 14.34 ± 0.070 mg QE/g and 12.42 ± 0.086 mg QE/g, sugar content of 69.44 ± 0.020 mg Glu/g and 67.18 ± 0.065 mg Glu/g, and a reducing sugar content of 31.34 ± 0.025 mg Glu/g and 29.08 ± 0.047 mg Glu/g, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of extract of bael avaleha formulations were recorded in region 4000–400 cm−1 and confirmed the presence of hydroxy group, aromatic C-H stretch, C=C and C-O group. RP-HPLC method was developed and used for the estimation of gallic acid, scopoletin, umbelliferone, and imperatorin in the extract of Bael avaleha formulations