促性腺激素受体串扰和性腺和非性腺组织功能改变

Rita Singh, Anjali Pathak
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摘要

生殖取决于促性腺激素通过其特定受体的反应。促性腺激素家族有三个成员;促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)。这些糖蛋白激素包括两个亚基,一个相同的α-亚基和一个激素特异性的-β亚基。它们的同源受体(FSHR和LHCGR)是两种具有结构不同配体结合域的肾上腺素能受体样家族A/视紫红质样g蛋白偶联受体(gpcr)。hCG与LHCGR结合,但具有较长的半衰期和较高的亲和力。FSHR和LHCGR在性腺细胞和非性腺细胞中均有表达。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍促性腺激素受体在人体不同细胞中的差异表达,它们通过串扰的特异性反应,以及FSHR和LHCGR的表达和活性缺陷如何改变FSH和LH/hCG的反应,从而导致PCOS、癌症和代谢紊乱等疾病。
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Gonadotropin Receptor Cross-Talk and Altered Functions in Gonadal and Non-Gonadal Tissues
Reproduction depends on the responses of gonadotropins through their specific receptors. The gonadotropin family has three members; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). These glycoprotein hormones comprise two subunits, an identical α-subunit and a hormone-specific-β subunit. Their cognate receptors (FSHR and LHCGR) are two adrenergic receptor-like family A/rhodopsin-like G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) with structurally distinct ligand binding domains. The hCG binds to LHCGR but has a longer half-life and higher affinity to LHCGR. The expression of FSHR and LHCGR is observed in both gonadal and nongonadal cells. In this review, we will be emphasizing the differential expression of gonadotropin receptors in different cells of the human body, their specific responses through cross-talk, and how a defect in the expression and activity of FSHR and LHCGR may alter the responses of FSH and LH/hCG leading to diseases like PCOS, cancer and metabolic disorders.
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