克服暖冬条件下山核桃树的休眠

Claudia Farela Ribeiro Crosa, Rudinei De Marco, Caroline Farias Barreto, Robson Ryu Yamamoto, Marcelo Barbosa Malgarim, Carlos Roberto Martins
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摘要

本研究旨在利用生物学方法研究克服核桃树内休眠的冷积累。在田间条件下,采用不同月份的离体节材扦插和自然低温处理。试验使用七种山核桃品种:巴顿、莫霍克、杰克逊、成功、可取、法利和梅尔霍拉达(Pitol 1),种植在巴西南里奥格兰德州坎瓜帕鲁市的果园里。从6月开始,每隔30天,当树木的叶片脱落50%时(物候期95),每个品种收集20根插枝,直到9月。它们被消毒后送到植物控管进行发芽监测。对平均出苞时间、达到50%出苞时间和最终出苞率进行了评价。各品种平均发芽时间随采收期变化不大。为达到DD50,山核桃品种需冷量为51 ~ 369个小时(低于7.2℃)。对所研究品种的抗寒性要求无法确定。采伐瞬间对平均出芽时间和最终出芽率影响不大。
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Overcoming dormancy of pecan trees in mild winter conditions
This study aimed to determine chill accumulation to overcome endodormancy of pecan trees using the biological method. Cuttings of isolated nodes in different months and their exposure to natural chill under field conditions were used. The experiment was carried out using seven pecan cultivars: Barton, Mohawk, Jackson, Success, Desirable, Farley and Melhorada (Pitol 1), planted in orchards in the municipality of Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Every 30 days from June onwards, when 50% of leaves had fallen from trees (phenological stage 95), 20 cuttings per cultivar were collected in each period untill September. They were sterilized and sent to the phytotron for budbreak monitoring. Budbreak average time, time to reach 50% of budbreak and the final budbreak rate were evaluated. Average budbreak time of cultivars showed little variation along collection period. Chill requirement of pecan cultivars ranged from 51 to 369 chill hours (below 7.2 °C) to reach DD50. It was not possible to determine the chill requirement of the studied cultivars. The moment of cutting collection had little influence on average budbreak time and final budbreak rate.
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