The practice of nature-based solutions in China: Ecosystem product value realization

Nature-based Solutions are crucial means for conserving biodiversity, addressing climate change, and undertaking ecological restoration. Currently, there are relatively limited global-scale practical cases of Nature-based Solutions, necessitating the expansion and application of theories based on natural approaches. This paper provides an overview of the Chinese government's understanding and implementation of Nature-based Solutions, comparing the differences and similarities between the Chinese government's practice of Ecosystem Product Value Realization and Nature-based Solutions in terms of goals, frameworks, implementation, and assessment. The results indicate that China's Ecosystem Product Value Realization is essentially a localized practice of Nature-based Solutions, and their philosophies and models are highly compatible, representing effective actions for sustainable management and natural restoration. China's Ecosystem Product Value Realization can effectively and adaptively address societal challenges while providing benefits for both human well-being and biodiversity.