北约如何影响危险废物的国际治理

IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI:10.1177/00220094231209191
Iris Borowy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

工业化国家生产和财富的增加导致废物产生的增加,其中一部分显然对人类和非人类健康有害。在处理相关问题的几个政府间组织中,北约现代社会挑战委员会(CCMS)是第一个组织专门针对这一主题的具体项目。1973年至1981年间,来自9个北约国家的代表研究了从组织和建议的废物管理程序到垃圾填埋、运输、各种处置方式和铬回收等各个方面。因此,CCMS开始为有问题的废物制定议程,有效地将“危险废物”确立为公认的类别。它还将这一挑战定义为“处置”,阻碍了系统性的社会经济评估。总的来说,这一框架使人们注意到某些形式的废物对人类健康和环境的潜在危险以及采取特别保护措施的必要性,同时使人们对其他形式的废物的关注正常化并可能转移。同时,共同体管理委员会的活动对危险废物管理和贸易的国际准则和条例提供了重要的推动。
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How NATO Influenced International Governance in Hazardous Waste
Increasing production and wealth in industrialized countries led to an increase in waste production, part of which was clearly harmful to human and non-human health. Out of several intergovernmental organizations that addressed related questions, the NATO Commission on Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) was the first to organize a specific project dedicated to the topic. Between 1973 and 1981, delegates from nine NATO countries studies aspects ranging from the organization and recommended procedures of waste management to landfills, transportation, various ways of disposal and chromium recycling. Thereby, the CCMS got to set the agenda for problematic wastes, effectively establishing ‘hazardous waste’ as a recognized category. It also framed the challenge as one of ‘disposal,’ discouraging systemic socio-economic reviews. Overall, this framing drew attention to the potential dangers of some forms of waste to human health and to the environment and the need for special protective measures, while normalizing and potentially diverting attention away from other forms of waste. At the same time, CCMS activities provided an important push towards international guidelines and regulations of hazardous waste management and trade.
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