A neonate with Amniotic Band Syndrome and osteomyelitis

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) comprises of a broad term for a group of congenital anomalies involving the limbs more often, but any other anatomic region of fetus could be involved. The prevalence of amniotic band has been reported from 0.19 to 8.1 per 10000 live births. Different theories exist for explaining the etiology of amniotic bands, but it has been considered to have a multifactorial etiology. Fetoscopic release of amniotic bands affecting one or more extremities can prevent limb loss or preserve limb function when distal fellow is still identifiable on preoperative ultrasound scans. Congenital anomalies of amniotic band syndrome will happen approximately in 77% of fetuses. There has been reported equal involvement between male and female. In general, we do not have osteomyelitis in neonates, but it would be connected to a long-term hospital admission and possible long‐term complications if not diagnosed on time. The long bones are the most frequently affected sites. Here we are introducing a neonate with left upper extremity necrosis due to ABS which needed amputation and it was associated with severe chronic osteomyelitis.