鸡窝细菌多样性评估:对环境健康的潜在风险

Sunil Kumar, Razique Anwer, Neera Mehra, Tamanna Devi, Mukesh Yadav, Nirmala Sehrawat, Anil Kumar Sharma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在土地上使用鸡粪作为有机肥料是最常见、最便宜和最环保的方式,以管理家禽业迅速产生的有机肥料。生鸡窝已被应用于田间土壤,在那里种植各种蔬菜以提高产量或生产力。然而,鸡窝经常接触不同的环境,如水、土壤、微生物和植被。在一些国家,当鸡排便时,它们的粪便会被下一群鸡重复使用,这可能会造成交叉污染。由于环境中的各种接触点,预计细菌传播的可能性很高,这可能导致感染在动物和人类中传播。食用受污染的水、食物和肉类可能导致致命感染的传播。鸡粪中的微生物也会影响放牧动物在适当施用鸡粪作为肥料的土地上觅食。鸡粪中大肠菌群的最大允许限量(MPLs)不应超过106-108 CFU/g。为了治疗细菌性疾病,在市场家禽养殖场饲养的鸡的饲料或饮用水中经常混合抗生素。滥用抗菌剂也导致耐药细菌在动物排泄物中存活。在此,我们查阅了文献,以确定在施用鸡粪提高土壤肥力的田地中存在的主要细菌属。我们的详细调查从不同调查的鸡窝样本中发现了不同的细菌病原体。大多数研究表明,鸡窝样品中存在弯曲杆菌、沙门氏菌、肠球菌、大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌、单胞菌、变形杆菌和柠檬酸杆菌等多种细菌。本文认为,鸡粪不符合标准参数,不宜直接作为有机肥在田间施用。在应用于地面之前,应对鸡粪进行处理,通过减少携带抗生素抗性基因的有害细菌的流行来减少污染作物或供水的危险。
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Assessment of bacterial diversity in the chicken litter: A potent risk to environmental health
Using chicken litter as an organic fertilizer on land is the most common, cheapest and environmentally safest way to manage the latter generated swiftly from the poultry industry. Raw chicken litter has been applied to field soils where various vegetables are cropped to increase yield or productivity. However, the chicken litter frequently come in contact with different environments, such as water, soil, microbes and vegetation. When chickens defecate, their litters, in a few countries, are particularly reused for the next flock, potentially causing cross-contamination. Due to various contact points in the environment, a high probability of bacterial transmission is predicted, which could lead to infection spread in animals and humans. Consumption of contaminated water, food, and meat could lead to the transmission of deadly infections. Microbes in the chicken litter also affect the grazing animals while feeding on fields duly applied with chicken litter as manure. The maximum permissible limits (MPLs) in the chicken litter for land application should not exceed 106-108 CFU/g for Coliform bacteria. Antibiotics are regularly mixed in the diet or drinking water of chicken grown in marketable poultry farms for treating bacterial diseases. Rampant usage of antimicrobials also results in resistant bacteria's survival in animal excreta. Herein, we surveyed the literature to identify the major bacterial genus harboured in the fields applied with chicken manure to increase soil fertility. Our detailed survey identified different bacterial pathogens from chicken litter samples from different investigations. Most studies showed the prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Enterococcus, E. coli, Bacillus, Comamonas, Proteus and Citrobacter, including many other bacterial species in the chicken litter samples. This article suggested that chicken litter does not meet the standard parameters for direct application as organic fertilizer in the fields. Before being applied to the ground, chicken litter should be treated to lessen the danger of polluting crops or water supplies by reducing the prevalence of harmful bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistance genes.
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来源期刊
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
127
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