蚊虫肠道微生物组在登革热病媒控制中的潜力

None Raiha Fatima, Muhammad Kamran
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引用次数: 0

摘要

伊蚊属具有重要医学意义的蚊子种类是一个主要的公共卫生问题,因为它们能够成为登革热、基孔肯雅热、寨卡和其他虫媒病毒的有效媒介。由于可获得的疫苗有限,而且没有针对虫媒病毒的有效治疗方法,控制伊蚊种群是目前预防疾病传播的唯一策略。自20世纪90年代以来,感染登革热的风险急剧增加。这一上升趋势是由于长途旅行增加、人口增长和城市化、缺乏卫生设施、蚊虫控制无效以及对登革热病例的监测和官方报告增加。传统的蚊媒控制方法采用多种杀虫剂,对环境和生活群体产生毒副作用、放大效应、非靶效应,并产生抗药性。因此,需要新的工具和策略来控制蚊虫媒介,以控制这些疾病。最近对蚊媒中肠和其他器官的研究表明,蚊媒中存在着多种动态的微生物菌群,称为微生物群。这些微生物大多含有共生菌群,在蚊子生理、繁殖能力和免疫等方面起着关键作用。中肠微生物群也被认为可以改变蚊子传播各种病原体(虫媒病毒、疟疾寄生虫等)的能力。许多这些共生细菌已经被探索用于对抗蚊子传播的疾病,如登革热、疟疾、寨卡病毒、黄热病等。在蚊子的肠道微生物群中,一种特定细菌物种占主导地位的可能性支持了基于共生体的策略的发展,这些共生体在Ades蚊子中诱导抗病毒反应或抗病毒分子
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Potential of Gut Microbiome in mosquitoes for Dengue Vector Control
Medically important mosquito species belonging to genus Aedes are a major public health concern due to their ability to be efficient vectors of dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and other arboviruses. With limited vaccines available and no effective therapeutic treatments against arboviruses, the control of Aedes mosquito populations is currently the only strategy to prevent disease transmission. The risk of contracting dengue infection has increased dramatically since 190s. This upward trend is due to increases in long-distance travel, population growth and urbanization, lack of sanitation, ineffective mosquito control, and increases the surveillance and official reporting of dengue cases. Traditional control of mosquito vectors using various insecticides has caused toxic effect on environment and living communities, pro magnification, non- target effect and above all developed resistance in vector mosquitoes. Therefore, new tools and strategies are required to control mosquito vectors to control these diseases. Recent studies on midgut and other organs in mosquito vectors indicated the presence of diverse and dynamic microbial flora, known as microbiota. These microbes are mostly containing symbiotic microbiota play a key role in mosquito physiology, reproductive capacity and immunity. The midgut microbiota have also suggested to alter the competency of mosquitoes to transmit various pathogens (arboviruses, malaria parasites etc.). Many of these symbiotic bacteria have been explored for the potential to combat mosquito borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, Zika, yellow fever etc. The possibility to rear mosquitoes in which a particular bacterial species is dominant among the gut microbiota supports the development of strategies based on symbionts that induce antiviral responses or antiviral molecules in Ades mosquitoes
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