Study of Effective Atomic Number, Mass Energy Absorption Coefficient and Absorbed Dose Rate in Human Organ and Tissue Substitutes

Abstract: The effective atomic number and mass energy absorption coefficient are two essential parameters used to investigate the radiation response of composite materials of dosimetric interest in many medical applications. The effective atomic number of nine selected human tissues and eleven samples of tissue substitute materials were computed using two methods, the interpolation method and the direct method in the energy range used in brachytherapy applications (0.1-2.0) MeV. The applicability of using the effective atomic number values to investigate scatter and absorption properties of some tissue substitutes, against that of the corresponding human tissues, to validate their tissue-equivalency, is examined. The effect of partial interaction cross sections is also explicitly discussed. Further, the absorbed dose rate, for an isotropic point source, in the selected tissue samples was computed using their estimated mass energy absorption coefficient values. The obtained data are analyzed and differences in sample dose rate relative to water, for photon energies of interest, are evaluated. The results indicate that numbers of tissue substitute samples yield estimates of dose rate to within 5% of dose rate of their corresponding human tissues. The obtained results are expected to be useful in improving dose calculation accuracy in brachytherapy treatment planning or dose evaluation after treatment. Keywords: Dosimetry, Human organs and tissues, Tissue equivalent materials, Equivalent atomic number, Attenuation and absorption coefficients.