Imaging of Vascular Graft/Endograft Infection with Radiolabeled White Blood Cell Scan and [18F]FDG PET/CT

Diagnosis of vascular graft/endograft infection (VGEI) is a challenge for clinicians due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and the complexity of its management. Microbiological culture is the gold standard, but it often fails to isolate the causative microorganism. A non-invasive imaging approach is therefore needed to assess VGEI. CTA is currently the first-choice imaging modality. Nuclear medicine techniques are recommended in case of negative or doubtful CTA results with persisting clinical suspicion. This review aims to summarize data from original studies published in the last decades regarding the role of both white blood cell (WBC) scans and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT), their respective diagnostic performances, and their integration into the diagnostic approach for patients with a suspicion of VGEI.