Surgical resection due to poor outcome of the immunotherapy of a relapsed mediastinal liposarcoma: a case report

The feasibility of surgery after immunotherapy for mediastinal liposarcoma remains uncertain. Besides, the case of immunotherapy for liposarcoma is still lacking. We report a case of recurrence after resection of a left mediastinal liposarcoma. After recurrence, one course of pembrolizumab plus anlotinib hydrochloride showed no tumor shrinkage, and genetic testing showed CDK4 amplification and PD-L1 TPS <1%; therefore, the plan was changed to one course of pembrolizumab plus palbociclib, but the tumor still did not shrink. Thus, second tumor resection was performed. In addition, the postoperative pathology was still well-differentiated liposarcoma. The significance of immunotherapy in liposarcoma still needs to be further explored. In the absence of surgical contraindications, secondary surgery might be feasible.