Jennifer L. Castle , Jurgen A. Doornik , David F. Hendry
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Improving models and forecasts after equilibrium-mean shifts
Equilibrium-mean shifts can result from changes in intercepts with constant dynamics, or be induced by shifts in dynamics with non-zero data means, or both. Induced shifts distort parameter estimates and create a discrepancy between the forecast origin and the equilibrium mean, leading to forecast failure and requiring modifications to previous forecast-error taxonomies. Step-indicator saturation can detect induced shifts, but that does not correct forecast failure. To discriminate direct from induced equilibrium-mean shifts, we augment the model by multiplicative indicators where all selected step indicators interact with the lagged regressand. Forecasts can be markedly improved after induced shifts by including these interactive indicators.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Forecasting is a leading journal in its field that publishes high quality refereed papers. It aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice, making forecasting useful and relevant for decision and policy makers. The journal places strong emphasis on empirical studies, evaluation activities, implementation research, and improving the practice of forecasting. It welcomes various points of view and encourages debate to find solutions to field-related problems. The journal is the official publication of the International Institute of Forecasters (IIF) and is indexed in Sociological Abstracts, Journal of Economic Literature, Statistical Theory and Method Abstracts, INSPEC, Current Contents, UMI Data Courier, RePEc, Academic Journal Guide, CIS, IAOR, and Social Sciences Citation Index.
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