Research on polarization characteristics of background light based on modified polarization difference imaging method

The random scattering event of light by water medium is the primary reason for the degradation in underwater imaging. Underwater polarization imaging technology can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging effectively by utilizing the polarization information difference between background scattered light and target light. However, as scattering events increase in the water body, it is difficult to maintain the polarization characteristics of light, which reduces the effect of removing scattering based on polarization characteristics. In addition, the polarization rules of background scattered light in water is unclear, and there is a lack of quantitative description of the polarization characteristics of scattered light. Therefore, researching the polarization transmission characteristics of underwater scattered light is of great significance for the de-scattering work of underwater polarization imaging.In order to clarify the polarization characteristics of underwater background scattered light, especially the polarization angle information, this paper proposes a method for ascertaining polarization angle of background light based on modified polarization difference imaging method. In this method, the coupling relationship between optimal weight coefficient and enhancement measure evaluation (EME) value of the Stokes vector difference result is analyzed, and the background light polarization angle is calculated based on the optimal weight coefficient. Combined with the experiments, the EME distribution trend of the optimal weight coefficient and the modified polarization difference imaging method results in different turbidity water bodies were determined, the scattering suppression limit was explored, and the trend of background scattered light polarization direction with turbidity of water was analyzed. The results show that the proposed method can obtain the exact polarization angle of background scattered light in different water environments, revealing a trend where the polarization direction of background scattered light becomes orthogonal to the incident light direction as the turbidity of the water increases. This research provides a methodological basis for determining the polarization direction of the background scattered light in underwater imaging.