全海生食草儒艮(Dugong dugon)基线尿液分析

IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Aquatic Mammals Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI:10.1578/am.49.6.2023.585
Janet M. Lanyon, Helen L. Sneath, Kirsten M. Golding, Claire Madden
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引用次数: 0

摘要

儒艮(dugong dugon)是一种全海洋哺乳动物,在近岸的海草草地上吃草,其健康容易受到人类沿海活动的影响。本研究建立了表面健康儒艮的尿液基线范围,可作为健康生物标志物。在2008年至2022年的年度健康评估期间,从澳大利亚莫尔顿湾的71只野生儒艮身上收集了自愿尿液样本(未受海水污染)。分析尿液的定性特征(颜色、浊度、气味),通过反应性尿液分析试纸进行生物化学分析,通过折光计分析尿液比重(USG),通过火焰光度法分析电解质,通过显微镜分析沉积物和细菌培养。儒艮的尿液呈淡黄色,清澈至微浑浊,有轻微气味。尿液通常呈微碱性(平均pH值8),USG较低(平均1.018)。试纸上的尿液分析显示葡萄糖、尿胆红素原、胆红素、酮类和亚硝酸盐均呈阴性。在85%的儒艮中检出尿蛋白。血红细胞溶血记录;85%的尿液样本;显微镜检查显示16%的样本有轻度血尿(完整的红细胞)。7%的儒艮检测到白细胞水平,这表明可能有轻微的尿路感染。典型的尿沉淀物包括上皮细胞、角质屑、碳酸钙结晶尿和罕见的鸟粪石晶体。尿液样本中存在轻度至中等水平的细菌,并有不同程度的混合生长,包括海绿单胞菌、假单胞菌、豆色光杆菌、冻干杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。32%的性成熟雄性的尿液中存在精子。儒艮尿液的物理特征和化学成分与海牛和其他食草动物有一定的相似之处。这些单一种群健康野生儒艮的基线尿液分析数据是有价值的基准,可以与不同健康状况的儒艮(包括受损儒艮)和其他地区的儒艮进行比较。
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Baseline Urinalysis of the Fully Marine, Herbivorous Dugong (Dugong dugon)
The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a fully marine mammal that grazes in nearshore seagrass meadows and whose health is vulnerable to human coastal activities. This study establishes urine baseline ranges for apparently healthy dugongs that can be used as health biomarkers. Voluntary urine samples (uncontaminated by seawater) were collected from 71 wild-caught dugongs in Moreton Bay, Australia, that were held out of water during an annual health assessment from 2008 to 2022. Urine was analysed for qualitative characteristics (colour, turbidity, odour), biochemistry through reactive urinalysis test strips, urine specific gravity (USG) by refractometer, electrolytes by flame photometry, sediment by microscopy, and bacterial culture. Urine of dugongs was typically pale yellow, clear to slightly cloudy, and mildly odorous. Urine was usually slightly alkaline (mean pH 8), and USG was low (mean 1.018). Urinalysis from dipstick indicated consistently negative readings for the presence of glucose, urobilinogen, bilirubin, ketones, and nitrites. Urinary protein was detected in 85% of sampled dugongs. Haemolysed red blood cells were recorded in > 85% of urine samples; microscopy indicated light haematuria (intact red blood cells) in 16% of samples. Seven percent of dugongs had detectable levels of leukocytes suggesting the possibility of mild urinary tract infection. Urinary sediment containing epithelial cells, keratinaceous debris, calcium carbonate crystalluria, and rare struvite crystals were typical. Light to moderate levels of bacteria were present in urine samples, with variable mixed growths, including Halomonas aquamarina, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Photobacterium damselae, Psychrobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Spermatozoa were present in the urine of 32% of the sexually mature males. Physical characteristics and chemistry of dugong urine showed some similarities to those of manatees and other herbivores. These baseline urinalysis data for healthy wild dugongs in a single population are valuable benchmarks against which dugongs of variable health status (including compromised dugongs) and from other localities may be compared.
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来源期刊
Aquatic Mammals
Aquatic Mammals MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY-ZOOLOGY
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
16.70%
发文量
99
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Aquatic Mammals is a peer-reviewed journal sponsored by the European Association for Aquatic Mammals (EAAM), the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums (AMMPA), and the International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association (IMATA). Aquatic Mammals publishes articles related to marine mammals (whales, dolphins, seals, fur seals, sea lions, walrus, dugongs, manatees, sea otters, and polar bears). Topics of publication on both captive animals and wild marine mammals include aspects of husbandry; behavior; conservation; veterinary medicine; anatomy; physiology; training; population trends; and the effects of pollution, climate change, and noise.
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