挪威海岸斑海豹(Phoca vitulina)刺网缠绕风险的时空分布

IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Aquatic Mammals Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI:10.1578/am.49.6.2023.508
Jonas O. Elnes, André Moan, Kjell T. Nilssen, L. Asbjørn Vøllestad, Arne Bjørge
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引用次数: 0

摘要

渔业偶然捕获的非目标物种,也称为副渔获物,是海洋巨型动物物种管理的一个主要问题。在挪威,据估计每年有555只斑海豹(Phoca vitulina)被刺网缠住并淹死。这些副渔获事件大多发生在以鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)和安康鱼(Lophius piscatorius)为目标的大网眼刺网渔业中。在被捕获的斑海豹中,“年度年轻”个体所占比例最大。为了增加我们对挪威海岸海豹副渔获物事件的了解,确定了潜在副渔获物风险的时间和区域。根据斑海豹从蜕皮地点到海上预测位置的运动,模拟了斑海豹在海上分布的季节变化。用相对年龄分副渔获物丰度来衡量不同季节(一年中的不同时间)海豹的年龄。然后利用斑海豹分布的重叠和记录的捕捞努力量分布来估计四个季节中定义的统计海域(SSLs)斑海豹和渔业之间的相对副渔获风险。这里使用的方法为理解斑海豹和沿海刺网渔业之间的时空相互作用提供了一个总体框架。确定的高相互作用风险的时间和区域可以用于管理实践,以增加我们对副渔获物事件的理解,并最终减少挪威沿海渔业中不想要的副渔获物。
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Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Risk of Entanglement in Gillnets Along the Norwegian Coast
Incidental capture of non-target species by fisheries, also referred to as bycatch, is a major concern for the management of marine megafauna species. In Norway, it has been estimated that 555 harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) get entangled and drown in gillnets every year. The majority of these bycatch events occur in large-mesh gillnet fisheries targeting cod (Gadus morhua) and monkfish (Lophius piscatorius). Young-of-the-year individuals represent the largest proportion of bycaught harbor seals. To increase our understanding of harbor seal bycatch events along the Norwegian coast, times and areas of potential bycatch risk were identified. Seasonal variation in the at-sea distribution of harbor seals was simulated based on movement from their molting site to predicted at-sea locations. Relative age-specific bycatch abundances were used to weigh the different seasons (times of the year) based on harbor seal age. The overlap in the distribution of harbor seals and the documented distribution of fishing effort was then used to estimate the relative bycatch risks between harbor seals and fisheries in defined Statistical Sea Locations (SSLs) in each of the four seasons. The method used here provides a general framework for understanding temporal and spatial interaction between harbor seals and coastal gillnet fisheries. The times and areas of high interaction risk that were identified can be used in management practices to increase our understanding of bycatch events, and to ultimately reduce unwanted bycatch of harbor seals in coastal fisheries along the Norwegian coast.
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来源期刊
Aquatic Mammals
Aquatic Mammals MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY-ZOOLOGY
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
16.70%
发文量
99
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Aquatic Mammals is a peer-reviewed journal sponsored by the European Association for Aquatic Mammals (EAAM), the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums (AMMPA), and the International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association (IMATA). Aquatic Mammals publishes articles related to marine mammals (whales, dolphins, seals, fur seals, sea lions, walrus, dugongs, manatees, sea otters, and polar bears). Topics of publication on both captive animals and wild marine mammals include aspects of husbandry; behavior; conservation; veterinary medicine; anatomy; physiology; training; population trends; and the effects of pollution, climate change, and noise.
期刊最新文献
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