不征税就不借债?从美国经验看下一代欧盟的财政团结

IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI:10.17645/pag.v11i4.7233
Tomasz P. Woźniakowski
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文认为,与《联邦条例》下的美国相比,欧盟应对疫情的新一代欧盟(NGEU),被称为欧洲的“汉密尔顿时刻”,可以更好地理解。最初的汉密尔顿时刻的关键方面是在联邦获得税收权后承担各州的债务。这些都没有发生在NGEU身上。除了一些环保税之外,欧盟没有获得任何重要的新收入来源,只被允许在金融市场上借入更多资金,为新的财政团结机制提供资金。在美国,这种借贷能力导致了债务的货币融资和巨大的通货膨胀。欧盟没有通过财政化过程来支持扩大借款权力,从而获得税收权力,而是以NGEU的形式创建了一个临时的、有限的准财政化的混合体系,这一体系存在合法性漏洞。与此同时,欧盟引入了加强财政监管的条件,其形式是新的欧洲学期(欧盟每年的经济和财政协调周期),与NGEU资金的分配挂钩。此外,欧盟只承诺在未来致力于支付新债务所需的各种形式的收入。因此,我将说明,对欧洲来说,NGEU最好被描述为“莫里斯时刻”,因为美国财政总监罗伯特•莫里斯(Robert Morris)(1781年至1784年)是类似联盟的第一位财政部长,他有权借款,但无权征税,在财政问题上受一致同意规则的约束,这导致了他关于国家收入的提议失败。
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No Borrowing Without Taxing? Fiscal Solidarity of Next Generation EU in Light of the American Experience
This article argues that the EU response to the pandemic, the Next Generation EU (NGEU), dubbed a “Hamiltonian moment” for Europe, can be better understood if compared to the US under the Articles of Confederation. The key aspect of the original Hamiltonian moment was the assumption of states’ debts after the Union was given tax power. None of this happened with the NGEU. The EU was not given any significant new sources of revenue, apart from some environmental levies, and was only allowed to borrow more on the financial markets to finance new fiscal solidarity mechanisms. In the US, this kind of borrowing power gave rise to monetary financing of the debt and enormous inflation. Instead of backing the enlarged borrowing powers with a fiscalization process leading to tax powers, the EU created a hybrid system of temporary, limited quasi-fiscalization in the form of the NGEU, which has legitimacy gaps. Simultaneously, the EU introduced enhanced fiscal regulation with conditionalities in the form of the new European Semester (an annual EU cycle of economic and fiscal coordination) tied to the allocation of the NGEU funds. Additionally, the EU has only promised to work in the future on various forms of revenue needed to pay the new debt. Hence, I will show that the NGEU could be better described as a “Morrisian moment” for Europe, as Robert Morris, the superintendent of finance of the US (1781–1784), was the very first finance minister of a similar kind of a union, with the power to borrow but no power to tax, governed by the unanimity rule in fiscal matters, which led to the failure of his proposals for national revenue.
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来源期刊
Politics and Governance
Politics and Governance POLITICAL SCIENCE-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
99
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Politics and Governance is an innovative offering to the world of online publishing in the Political Sciences. An internationally peer-reviewed open access journal, Politics and Governance publishes significant, cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research drawn from all areas of Political Science. Its central aim is thereby to enhance the broad scholarly understanding of the range of contemporary political and governing processes, and impact upon of states, political entities, international organizations, communities, societies and individuals, at international, regional, national and local levels. Submissions that focus upon the political or governance-based dynamics of any of these levels or units of analysis in way that interestingly and effectively brings together conceptual analysis and empirical findings are welcome. Politics and Governance is committed to publishing rigorous and high-quality research. To that end, it undertakes a meticulous editorial process, providing both the academic and policy-making community with the most advanced research on contemporary politics and governance. The journal is an entirely open-access online resource, and its in-house publication process enables it to swiftly disseminate its research findings worldwide, and on a regular basis.
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