Shaping Digital Twin Concept for Built Cultural Heritage Conservation: A Systematic Literature Review

ABSTRACTThe Digital Twin (DT) technology has shown promise in transforming complex engineered systems. However, its adoption in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) field, particularly for Built Cultural Heritage (BCH) conservation, is still in its early stages. This study presents a systematic literature review of 85 academic publications to evaluate the current state of DT implementation in heritage building conservation and identifies areas for optimising preventive management. In addition, this review explores interpretations of the DT concept in this field, addressing overlaps with Historical/Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM), discusses DT functionalities and presents existing frameworks. The findings demonstrate the potential of DT to revolutionise BCH conservation through a holistic approach. However, further focus is needed on features and tools for enhancing performance-based management with targeted strategies and advanced data analysis. Future research should prioritise developing these aspects to fully leverage the potential of the DT paradigm in BCH conservation.KEYWORDS: Built cultural heritagedata managementdecision-makingDigital Twinpreventive conservation AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the doctoral Grant PRT/BD/152822/2021 financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under MIT Portugal Program.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PRT/BD/152822/2021].