为什么不是马汉?近代日本太平洋地缘战略思想中的路径依赖

IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Social Science Japan Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI:10.1093/ssjj/jyad014
Nobuo HARUNA
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引用次数: 0

摘要

众所周知,在20世纪30年代和40年代,日本这个岛国的知识分子大量吸收了典型的“陆地大国”德国所构建的地缘政治理论。这种风尚不仅与日本领土的地理现实相矛盾。这也与日本作为一个海洋国家的当代国家身份不符。本文强调智力路径依赖是解释这一难题的关键。为采纳德国地缘政治传统铺平道路的最初决定是在日俄战争爆发前不久由政治学家小野冢喜平司做出的,他有意识地选择了弗里德里希·拉策尔的地理思想,而不是阿尔弗雷德·塞耶·马汉的海军战略,作为帝国建设的理论指导和理由。本文阐述了小野冢的选择是如何促使他的学生们追随德国地缘政治的演变,并在太平洋战争开始时传播卡尔·豪斯霍费尔的思想的,这些学生在第一次世界大战后成为知识分子的领军人物。文章最后简要描述了战后形成的新的海洋国家认同如何克服地缘政治传统。
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Why Not Mahan? Path Dependence in Modern Japanese Geostrategic Thinking of the Pacific
Abstract It is well known that during the 1930s and the 1940s intellectuals in Japan, an island state, devoured geopolitical theories constructed in a typical ‘land power’, Germany. Not only did this fad contradict the geographical reality of Japanese territory. It was also at odds with Japan’s contemporary national identity as a maritime state. This article highlights intellectual path dependence as the key to explaining this conundrum. The initial decision that paved the way for the adoption of the German tradition of geopolitics was made shortly before the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War by political scientist Onozuka Kiheiji, who consciously opted for the geographical ideas of Friedrich Ratzel instead of the naval strategy of Alfred Thayer Mahan as a theoretical guide and justification for empire-building. This article illustrates how the choice made by Onozuka induced his students, who became leading intellectual figures after World War I, to follow the evolution of German geopolitics and to propagate the ideas of Karl Haushofer at the beginning of the Pacific War. The article ends by briefly describing how the Geopolitik tradition was overcome by the formation of a new maritime national identity after the war.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Social Science Japan Journal is a new forum for original scholarly papers on modern Japan. It publishes papers that cover Japan in a comparative perspective and papers that focus on international issues that affect Japan. All social science disciplines (economics, law, political science, history, sociology, and anthropology) are represented. All papers are refereed. The journal includes a book review section with substantial reviews of books on Japanese society, written in both English and Japanese. The journal occasionally publishes reviews of the current state of social science research on Japanese society in different countries.
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