Synthesis of Graphene-based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications – a Mini-review

Graphene is a form of carbon allotrope that has received tremendous attention from researchers in various fields. Graphene oxide (GO) has unique characteristics that have proven to be useful in many areas, including biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Its large surface area and richness in oxygen-containing functional groups enable the loading of large quantities of drug molecules and targeting agents for various diseases such as cancer. This review describes the evolution of developing and synthesizing graphene-based nanoparticles, with a specific interest in biomedical applications. The important procedures involved in the production of GO include pre-oxidation and pre-reaction steps, oxidation, downstream processing, and purification, with further processes like carboxylation and particle size reduction that are needed to obtain the graphene-based nanoparticles suitable for biomedical applications. This review will guide researchers to begin graphene research, understand the important parameters, and ensure the successful production of graphene-based nanoparticles.