Inherent Irreversibility in Unsteady MHD Nanofluid Flow Past a Slippery Permeable Vertical Plate with Fractional Order Derivative

Abstract This study focuses on fractional order derivatives for the unsteady flow of MHD methanol-iron oxide nanofluid over a permeable vertical plate. The study incorporates fractional order derivatives to exhibit the system mathematically. The concluding model, which consists of the system of PDEs, has been solved via the Finite Difference Method, and graphical illustrations demonstrate the effects of key parameters on the flow field. Velocity and temperature profiles provide insights into nanofluid behavior. Additionally, essential quantities such as skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Bejan number, and entropy generation rate have been depicted graphically. Comparison with previous studies authenticates the accuracy of the anticipated model, contributing to new intuitions into MHD nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate. It is worth noting that the current model, incorporating fractional order derivatives, contributes to understanding the physical characteristics of MHD CH3OH-Fe3O4 nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate, research that has not been extensively explored before.