禁止文学

Gaga Lomidze
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在反民主的体制中,思想自由的人总是令人畏惧。诗人是自由人。这就是为什么格鲁吉亚人的主要著作《黑豹皮骑士》可能不仅在12世纪受到迫害,而且在几个世纪之后也受到迫害。格鲁吉亚天主教大牧首安东一世将第比利斯第一家印刷厂印刷的《披着黑豹皮的骑士》扔进了Mtkvari河,“这本书对读者有害,对基督徒的思想和感情有害”。文学作品或一般艺术作品被禁的主要原因只有几个。动机主要是性的、宗教的、政治的或道德的。但是,这种动机本身属于可变的范畴- -我们不能说任何动机是普遍的,不随时间和空间而改变- -或者更确切地说,不随时代和国家而改变。对于任何思考过这个问题的人来说,时间范畴总是在变化,这是不言而喻的。米歇尔·福柯已经告诉我们,在不同的时代,在不同的国家和政府下,疯狂和不正常的概念是不断变化的。时代和价值观在改变,但禁止的机制却没有改变。如果在此之前,国家直接干涉从政治或其他类型的正确性的角度来看,可能被认为是适当的事情,那么今天,它已经从它的角度出发,尽可能地强加了大众并控制了有效性标准。
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Prohibited Literature
In anti-democratic systems, free-thinking people are always feared. Poets are free people. That is why the main book of Georgians – “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” was probably persecuted not only in the 12th century, but also centuries later. It is enough to remember the Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia, Anton I, who threw the “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” printed in Tbilisi’s first printing house into the Mtkvari river, “as a book harmful to readers, poisonous to the minds and feelings of Christians”. There are only a few main reasons why literary works or works of art in general are banned. Motives are essentially sexual, religious, political, or moral. But the motive as such belongs to a variable category – we cannot say about any motive that it is universal and does not change according to time and space – or more precisely, era and countries. To anyone who has thought about this matter, it will be self-evident that temporal categories are always changing. Michel Foucault has already told us that the concepts of mad and abnormal are constantly changing in different times, under different countries and governments. Times and values change, but the mechanisms of prohibition remain the same. And if before the state directly interfered in what could be considered appropriate, from the point of view of political or other type of correctness, today it already imposes the mass and controls the validity criteria from its point of view as much as possible.
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