保罗·策兰诗集《罂粟与命运》:文学突破的故事

Petro Rychlo
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摘要

本文研究的是保罗·策兰诗集《罂粟与命运》的诗歌和出版起源。后一个系列是在极其艰难的环境下取得成功的;然而,它最终成为了一个真正的文学突破,也是这位年轻作家在诗歌方面最大的成功。另一方面,起初这位诗人在著名的德语出版社(《计划》、《Die Tat》)上出版了大量他的文集。后来,他多次尝试以出书的形式来完成他的文学处女作。《罂粟与命运》的早期阶段包括一些手写文本集(1944年出版的《排版》;“手稿”,1945),其中年轻的作者准备并逐步实施他的收藏的概念。这项艰苦工作的高潮是维也纳的《瓮里的沙子》(1948),但由于大量的印刷错误,它很快就被策兰销毁了。尽管如此,他从来没有拒绝过,但他认真地修改了这些诗,其中有一半的诗被收录进了新文集《罂粟与记忆》的手稿中。1952年,在涅多夫召开的文学“47组”会议上,他终于与斯图加特的“德国诗社”(Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt)出版社取得了联系,后者认为他的诗集是战后德国诗歌的创新,并于1952年圣诞节前夕迅速出版。这部诗集的出版很快引起了文学上的轰动,为这位诗人后来在德国和欧洲文化空间的名声奠定了基石。
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Paul Celan’s Collection of Poetry “Poppy and Destiny”: the Story of a Literary Breakthrough
The article under studies traces the poetic and publishing genesis of Paul Celan’s collection of poetry “Poppy and Destiny”. The latter collection has made its way under extremely hard circumstances; however, it has eventually become a real literary breakthrough and the young author’s greatest poetic success. On the other hand, at first the poet published large collections of his texts in renowned German-language press (“Plan”, “Die Tat”). Later, he tried many times to carry out his literary debut in the form of a book. The early stages of “Poppy and Destiny” include several handwritten text collections (“Typoscript”, 1944; “Manuscript”, 1945), in which the young author prepared and gradually implemented the concept of his collection. The culmination of this hard work was the Viennese collection “The Sand from the Urns” (1948), which Celan soon destroyed due to numerous typographical errors. Nevertheless, he never rejected it, yet he conscientiously revised the poems, including a good half of them into the manuscript of the new collection “Poppy and Memory”. At a meeting of the literary “Group 47” in Niedorf (1952), he finally managed to get in touch with the Stuttgart publishing house “Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt”, which regarded his collection as an innovation in post-war German poetry, as well as promptly published it on Christmas Eve of 1952. The publication of the collection soon became a literary sensation and laid the cornerstone of the poet’s later fame in the German and European cultural space.
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