{"title":"当代南非继承法习惯法的改革","authors":"Fatima Osman","doi":"10.47348/acta/2023/a8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the customary law of intestate succession was a flexible system of law that prioritised the well-being of the family. The law was distorted during the colonial and apartheid eras to focus on the individual inheritance of property. In 2010, the South African legislature passed the Reform of Customary Law of Succession and Regulation of Related Matters Act 11 of 2009 – which applies the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987 – to regulate the devolution of estates of individuals who live according to customary law and die intestate. This article examines whether the current framework adequately addresses the needs of contemporary South African society. It argues that the prioritisation of the nuclear family for inheritance may be out of sync with the myriad ways in which families are formed and that the Master of the High Court should be given a discretion in the distribution of an estate. This will undoubtedly result in uncertainty but may ameliorate some of the shortcomings of a fixed, rules-based system of inheritance that does not reflect contemporary society. Tshivenḓa: Ḓivhanizwakale, mulayo wa mbingano ya tshirema wa uri muthu a lovha ndaka yawe i ḓo kovhiwa vhukati ha mufumakadzi, vhana, vhabebi na vharathu wo vha u sisiṱeme ya vhutepe ya mulayo une wa vhea phanḓa mutakalo na mvelaphanḓa ya muṱa. Mulayo wo khakhiswa nga tshifhinga tsha koloni na tsha khethululo u itela u sedzesa kha vhuḽaifa ha ndaka ha muthu muthihi. Nga 2010, vhusimamilayo ha Afurika Tshipembe ho phasisa Mulayo wa Khakhululo ya Mulayo wa Mbingano ya Tshirema wa Vhuḽaifa na Ndaulo ya Mafhungo a re na Vhushaka nazwo wa 11 wa 2009 – une wa shumisa Mulayo wa u Kovha Ndaka Vhukati ha Vhaḽaifa wa 81 wa 1987 – u laula u fhiriselwa ha ndaka ya vhathu vho lovhaho vhane vha tshila u ya nga mulayo wa mbingano ya tshirema vha lovha vha so ngo sia wiḽi. Athikili iyi i ṱola arali muhanga wa musalauno u tshi dzudzanya zwavhuḓi ṱhoḓea dza tshitshavha tsha MaAfurika Tshipembe tsha musalauno. U ṱaṱa uri u vhewa phanḓa ha tshigwada tsha muṱa u itela u vhuḽaifa a zwi tsha tendelana na nḓila dzine zwigwada zwa miṱa zwa vhumbwa ngayo na uri Ṱhoho ya Khothe ya Nṱha u fanela u ṋewa maanḓa a u dzhia tsheo kha u kovha ndaka ya mufu. Izwi zwi hu si na u timatima zwi ḓo ḓisa u sa vha na vhuṱanzi fhedzi zwi nga ḓisa u fushea kha zwiṅwe zwa vhukolikoli ha sisiṱeme yo vhewaho, yo ḓisendekaho kha milayo ya vhuḽaifa vhune ha si bvisele khagala tshitshavha tsha musalauno.","PeriodicalId":90407,"journal":{"name":"Acta juridica (Cape Town, South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Reform of Customary Law of Succession Act in contemporary South Africa\",\"authors\":\"Fatima Osman\",\"doi\":\"10.47348/acta/2023/a8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Historically, the customary law of intestate succession was a flexible system of law that prioritised the well-being of the family. The law was distorted during the colonial and apartheid eras to focus on the individual inheritance of property. In 2010, the South African legislature passed the Reform of Customary Law of Succession and Regulation of Related Matters Act 11 of 2009 – which applies the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987 – to regulate the devolution of estates of individuals who live according to customary law and die intestate. This article examines whether the current framework adequately addresses the needs of contemporary South African society. It argues that the prioritisation of the nuclear family for inheritance may be out of sync with the myriad ways in which families are formed and that the Master of the High Court should be given a discretion in the distribution of an estate. This will undoubtedly result in uncertainty but may ameliorate some of the shortcomings of a fixed, rules-based system of inheritance that does not reflect contemporary society. Tshivenḓa: Ḓivhanizwakale, mulayo wa mbingano ya tshirema wa uri muthu a lovha ndaka yawe i ḓo kovhiwa vhukati ha mufumakadzi, vhana, vhabebi na vharathu wo vha u sisiṱeme ya vhutepe ya mulayo une wa vhea phanḓa mutakalo na mvelaphanḓa ya muṱa. Mulayo wo khakhiswa nga tshifhinga tsha koloni na tsha khethululo u itela u sedzesa kha vhuḽaifa ha ndaka ha muthu muthihi. Nga 2010, vhusimamilayo ha Afurika Tshipembe ho phasisa Mulayo wa Khakhululo ya Mulayo wa Mbingano ya Tshirema wa Vhuḽaifa na Ndaulo ya Mafhungo a re na Vhushaka nazwo wa 11 wa 2009 – une wa shumisa Mulayo wa u Kovha Ndaka Vhukati ha Vhaḽaifa wa 81 wa 1987 – u laula u fhiriselwa ha ndaka ya vhathu vho lovhaho vhane vha tshila u ya nga mulayo wa mbingano ya tshirema vha lovha vha so ngo sia wiḽi. Athikili iyi i ṱola arali muhanga wa musalauno u tshi dzudzanya zwavhuḓi ṱhoḓea dza tshitshavha tsha MaAfurika Tshipembe tsha musalauno. U ṱaṱa uri u vhewa phanḓa ha tshigwada tsha muṱa u itela u vhuḽaifa a zwi tsha tendelana na nḓila dzine zwigwada zwa miṱa zwa vhumbwa ngayo na uri Ṱhoho ya Khothe ya Nṱha u fanela u ṋewa maanḓa a u dzhia tsheo kha u kovha ndaka ya mufu. Izwi zwi hu si na u timatima zwi ḓo ḓisa u sa vha na vhuṱanzi fhedzi zwi nga ḓisa u fushea kha zwiṅwe zwa vhukolikoli ha sisiṱeme yo vhewaho, yo ḓisendekaho kha milayo ya vhuḽaifa vhune ha si bvisele khagala tshitshavha tsha musalauno.\",\"PeriodicalId\":90407,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta juridica (Cape Town, South Africa)\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta juridica (Cape Town, South Africa)\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.47348/acta/2023/a8\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta juridica (Cape Town, South Africa)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.47348/acta/2023/a8","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
从历史上看,无遗嘱继承的习惯法是一种灵活的法律体系,优先考虑家庭的福祉。在殖民和种族隔离时期,法律被扭曲,把重点放在个人财产继承上。2010年,南非立法机构通过了2009年第11号《继承习惯法改革和相关事项管理法》(该法适用1987年第81号《无遗嘱继承法》),以规范按照习惯法生活且死时无遗嘱的个人的遗产移交。本文考察了当前的框架是否充分解决了当代南非社会的需求。它认为,核心家庭的优先继承权可能与家庭形成的各种方式不同步,高等法院院长应该在遗产分配方面享有自由裁量权。毫无疑问,这将导致不确定性,但可能改善不能反映当代社会的固定的、以规则为基础的继承制度的一些缺点。Tshivenḓa: Ḓivhanizwakale, mulayo wa mbingano ya tshirema wa uri muthu a lovha ndaka yawe i ḓo kovhiwa vhukati ha mufumakadzi, vhana, vhabebi na vharathu wo vha u sisiṱeme ya vhutepe ya mulayo une wa vhea phanḓa mutakalo na mvelaphanḓa ya muṱa。Mulayo wo khakhiswa nga tshifhinga tsha koloni na tsha khethululo u itela u sedzesa kha vhuḽaifa ha ndaka ha muthu muthihi。Nga 2010年vhusimamilayo ha Afurika Tshipembe ho phasisa Mulayo wa Khakhululo丫Mulayo wa Mbingano丫Tshirema wa Vhuḽaifa na Ndaulo丫Mafhungo一个再保险na Vhushaka nazwo佤邦11 wa 2009 -一个佤族shumisa Mulayo wa u Kovha Ndaka Vhukati ha Vhaḽaifa佤邦81年佤邦1987 - u laula fhiriselwa ha Ndaka丫vhathu vho lovhaho vhane Vha tshila你丫Nga Mulayo wa Mbingano丫Tshirema Vha lovha Vha我新航wiḽ非政府组织。Athikili iyi i ṱola arali muhanga wa musalauno tshi dzudzanya zwavhuḓi ṱhoḓea dza tshitshavha tsha MaAfurika Tshipembe tsha musalauno。Uṱṱ一个uri vhewa phanḓ一公顷tshigwada tshaμṱU itela vhuḽaifa一zwi tsha tendelana na n ila dzineḓzwigwada zwa miṱ一zwa vhumbwa ngayo na uriṰ不怀好意的笑丫Khothe丫nṱha U fanelaṋewa maanḓ一个U dzhia tsheo kha U kovha ndaka丫mufu。Izwi zwi hu si na u timatima zwi ḓo ḓisa usa vha na vhuṱanzi fhedzi zwi nga ḓisa u fushea kha zwiṅwe zwa vhukolikoli ha sisiṱeme yvhewaho, yḓisendekaho kha milayo ya vhuḽaifa vhune ha bvisele khagala tshitshavha tsha musalauno。
The Reform of Customary Law of Succession Act in contemporary South Africa
Historically, the customary law of intestate succession was a flexible system of law that prioritised the well-being of the family. The law was distorted during the colonial and apartheid eras to focus on the individual inheritance of property. In 2010, the South African legislature passed the Reform of Customary Law of Succession and Regulation of Related Matters Act 11 of 2009 – which applies the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987 – to regulate the devolution of estates of individuals who live according to customary law and die intestate. This article examines whether the current framework adequately addresses the needs of contemporary South African society. It argues that the prioritisation of the nuclear family for inheritance may be out of sync with the myriad ways in which families are formed and that the Master of the High Court should be given a discretion in the distribution of an estate. This will undoubtedly result in uncertainty but may ameliorate some of the shortcomings of a fixed, rules-based system of inheritance that does not reflect contemporary society. Tshivenḓa: Ḓivhanizwakale, mulayo wa mbingano ya tshirema wa uri muthu a lovha ndaka yawe i ḓo kovhiwa vhukati ha mufumakadzi, vhana, vhabebi na vharathu wo vha u sisiṱeme ya vhutepe ya mulayo une wa vhea phanḓa mutakalo na mvelaphanḓa ya muṱa. Mulayo wo khakhiswa nga tshifhinga tsha koloni na tsha khethululo u itela u sedzesa kha vhuḽaifa ha ndaka ha muthu muthihi. Nga 2010, vhusimamilayo ha Afurika Tshipembe ho phasisa Mulayo wa Khakhululo ya Mulayo wa Mbingano ya Tshirema wa Vhuḽaifa na Ndaulo ya Mafhungo a re na Vhushaka nazwo wa 11 wa 2009 – une wa shumisa Mulayo wa u Kovha Ndaka Vhukati ha Vhaḽaifa wa 81 wa 1987 – u laula u fhiriselwa ha ndaka ya vhathu vho lovhaho vhane vha tshila u ya nga mulayo wa mbingano ya tshirema vha lovha vha so ngo sia wiḽi. Athikili iyi i ṱola arali muhanga wa musalauno u tshi dzudzanya zwavhuḓi ṱhoḓea dza tshitshavha tsha MaAfurika Tshipembe tsha musalauno. U ṱaṱa uri u vhewa phanḓa ha tshigwada tsha muṱa u itela u vhuḽaifa a zwi tsha tendelana na nḓila dzine zwigwada zwa miṱa zwa vhumbwa ngayo na uri Ṱhoho ya Khothe ya Nṱha u fanela u ṋewa maanḓa a u dzhia tsheo kha u kovha ndaka ya mufu. Izwi zwi hu si na u timatima zwi ḓo ḓisa u sa vha na vhuṱanzi fhedzi zwi nga ḓisa u fushea kha zwiṅwe zwa vhukolikoli ha sisiṱeme yo vhewaho, yo ḓisendekaho kha milayo ya vhuḽaifa vhune ha si bvisele khagala tshitshavha tsha musalauno.