金属掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒增强可见光LED光催化降解西酞普兰效果的优化:比较研究及在制药清洗验证中的应用

IF 4.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Sustainable Environment Research Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI:10.1186/s42834-023-00198-3
Veronia S. Nazim, Ghada M. El-Sayed, Sawsan M. Amer, Ahmed H. Nadim
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引用次数: 0

摘要

金属掺杂是调整纳米粒子光学和化学性质的有效方法。本文对比研究了金属掺杂剂(Mg、Cu和Sn)对ZnO纳米颗粒可见光LED光催化性能的影响。采用易溶共沉淀法合成光催化剂。采用掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒光降解西酞普兰;常用的抗抑郁药物。采用高分辨率透射电子显微镜、x射线衍射、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒测量和漫反射光谱分析了纳米颗粒的结构、形态和光学性质。与未掺杂的ZnO (3.34 eV)相比,Mg (3.21 eV)、Cu (3.15 eV)和Sn (3.05 eV)的禁带能有所降低。结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子在可见光下对西酞普兰降解的光催化活性通过掺杂Sn得到增强,表现出优于Cu的光催化性能。而Mg掺杂ZnO的光催化活性最低。采用全因子设计(24)考察掺杂剂、pH、催化剂负荷和西酞普兰初始浓度对处理工艺效率的影响。金属掺杂剂与pH的相互作用对光降解效率有显著影响。在最佳条件下,使用市售LED灯,使用0.5 mg mL−1 Sn掺杂ZnO, 25µg mL−1西酞普兰在2小时内降解80%。研究了西酞普兰的降解动力学,发现其符合准一级动力学。优化后的光催化方案成功地应用于西酞普兰清洗验证周期中产线水样的处理。锡和铜掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒在废水处理中具有良好的可持续性,可以保持其催化行为长达三个循环而不显着降低光催化活性。将这种方法整合到目前采用的清洁验证方案中,将为制药废水处理提供经济优势。图形抽象
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Optimization of metal dopant effect on ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced visible LED photocatalytic degradation of citalopram: comparative study and application to pharmaceutical cleaning validation
Abstract Metal doping is an effective method to tune the optical and chemical properties of nanoparticles. Herein, a comparative study was conducted to assess the effect of metal dopant (Mg, Cu and Sn) on ZnO nanoparticles for visible LED photocatalysis. The photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method. Doped ZnO nanoparticles were employed for photodegradation of citalopram; a commonly used antidepressant drug. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. A decrease in band gap energy was obtained for Mg (3.21 eV), Cu (3.15 eV) and Sn (3.05 eV) compared to undoped ZnO (3.34 eV). Results showed that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles towards citalopram degradation under visible light was enhanced by doping with Sn which showed superior photocatalytic performance compared to Cu. Whereas, Mg doped ZnO demonstrated the lowest photocatalytic activity. Full factorial design (2 4 ) was conducted to investigate the effect of dopant, pH, catalyst loading and initial citalopram concentration on the efficiency of the treatment process. The interaction between the metal dopant and pH had significant impact on photodegradation efficiency. At optimum conditions, 80% degradation of 25 µg mL −1 citalopram was obtained in 2 h using commercially available LED light using 0.5 mg mL −1 Sn doped ZnO. Kinetics of citalopram degradation was also investigated and was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The optimized photocatalytic protocol was successfully applied for treatment of water samples obtained from production lines during the cleaning validation cycles of citalopram. Sn and Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles had great sustainability for wastewater treatment as it kept its catalytic behavior up to three cycles without significant decrease in photocatalytic activity. The integration of such an approach into the currently employed cleaning validation protocols would offer an economical advantage for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Graphical Abstract
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
2.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
30 weeks
期刊介绍: The primary goal of Sustainable Environment Research (SER) is to publish high quality research articles associated with sustainable environmental science and technology and to contribute to improving environmental practice. The scope of SER includes issues of environmental science, technology, management and related fields, especially in response to sustainable water, energy and other natural resources. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: 1. Water and Wastewater • Biological processes • Physical and chemical processes • Watershed management • Advanced and innovative treatment 2. Soil and Groundwater Pollution • Contaminant fate and transport processes • Contaminant site investigation technology • Soil and groundwater remediation technology • Risk assessment in contaminant sites 3. Air Pollution and Climate Change • Ambient air quality management • Greenhouse gases control • Gaseous and particulate pollution control • Indoor air quality management and control 4. Waste Management • Waste reduction and minimization • Recourse recovery and conservation • Solid waste treatment technology and disposal 5. Energy and Resources • Sustainable energy • Local, regional and global sustainability • Environmental management system • Life-cycle assessment • Environmental policy instruments
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