海港桥式起重机走行轮运行可靠性建模

Strelbitskyi Viktor, Bovnegra Liubov, Pavlyshko Andrii
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摘要

桥式起重机广泛应用于海、内河港口的开放式和封闭式储存区的货物转运。由于它们是工艺过程中的主要环节,因此港口生产线的生产率取决于它们的可靠和连续运行。据了解,在起重机运行过程中,90%的走行轮因边缘磨损严重而失效更换,60-70%的起重机轨道因侧面磨损而更换。由于使用寿命是衡量零部件耐久性的主要指标,因此,增加安装车轮寿命是一项紧迫的任务,这将降低起重机的维修和运行成本。运行经验表明,行走轮是运动机构中磨损最严重的部件。因此,它们的使用寿命从几个月到2-3年不等。这是因为更换车轮比更换起重机轨道便宜。由于使用寿命是衡量零部件耐久性的主要指标,因此,增加安装车轮寿命是一项紧迫的任务,这将降低起重机的维修和运行成本。对复杂技术系统的分析研究表明,在海港运行了30多年的桥式起重机机构的可靠性尚不完全清楚,车轮损坏的性质取决于运行条件。为了进行研究,选择了4台相同的桥式起重机,起重能力为10吨,在海港以挂钩方式运行。起重机车轮由65g钢铸造而成。在4年的运行中,每3个月对起重机机构进行目视检查,并测量车轮磨损。在研究结果的基础上,以阶跃函数的形式计算了磨损模型中各时刻的参数。得到的相关系数值表明,磨损与工作时间之间存在着相当密切的关系。该模型的平均误差值不超过6.1%,在工程计算中是完全可以接受的。确定起重机车轮的使用寿命不超过3.3 ~ 3.4年,小于厂家规定的4年。
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Modeling of operational reliability of running wheels of overhead cranes of seaports
Overhead cranes are widely in operation in sea and river ports for cargo transshipment in open and closed storage areas. Since they are the main link in technological processes, the productivity of Port production lines depends on their reliable and continuous operation. It is known that during the operation of cranes, 90% of the running wheels fail and are replaced with new ones due to intensive wear of the edges, and 60-70% of crane rails due to wear of their side faces. Since the service life is the main indicator of the durability of parts and assemblies, therefore, increasing the installation of wheel life is an urgent task, which will reduce the cost of repair and operation of cranes. As the experience of operation shows, running wheels have the most worn elements of movement mechanisms. Thus, their service life ranges from several months to 2-3 years. This is due to the fact that replacing the wheels is cheaper compared to replacing the crane track. Since the service life is the main indicator of the durability of parts and assemblies, therefore, increasing the installation of wheel life is an urgent task, which will reduce the cost of repair and operation of cranes. Analysis of studies of complex technical systems shows that the reliability of overhead crane mechanisms operated for more than 30 years in the Seaport is not fully understood, the nature of wheel damage depends on the operating conditions. For research, 4 identical overhead cranes with a lifting capacity of 10 tons were selected, which operate in Hook mode in seaports. Crane wheels are made of 65g steel by casting. Crane mechanisms were visually examined and wheel wear was measured after 3 months during 4 years of operation. Based on the research results, the parameters of the Wear model from time to time in the form of a step function are calculated. The obtained values of the correlation coefficient indicate that there is a fairly tight relationship between wear and operating time. The average error value for the proposed model does not exceed 6.1%, which is quite acceptable for engineering calculations. It is established that the service life of Crane wheels does not exceed 3.3...3.4 years of operation, which is less than 4 years specified by the manufacturer.
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